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{"title"=>"Systematic and molecular basis of the antibacterial action of quinoxaline 1,4-di-noxides against Escherichia coli", "type"=>"journal", "authors"=>[{"first_name"=>"Guyue", "last_name"=>"Cheng", "scopus_author_id"=>"53871124500"}, {"first_name"=>"Bei", "last_name"=>"Li", "scopus_author_id"=>"57048598000"}, {"first_name"=>"Chenxi", "last_name"=>"Wang", "scopus_author_id"=>"57192597990"}, {"first_name"=>"Hongfei", "last_name"=>"Zhang", "scopus_author_id"=>"37038982600"}, {"first_name"=>"Guixia", "last_name"=>"Liang", "scopus_author_id"=>"56883682800"}, {"first_name"=>"Zhifei", "last_name"=>"Weng", "scopus_author_id"=>"56883840000"}, {"first_name"=>"Haihong", "last_name"=>"Hao", "scopus_author_id"=>"35220019700"}, {"first_name"=>"Xu", "last_name"=>"Wang", "scopus_author_id"=>"55960792000"}, {"first_name"=>"Zhenli", "last_name"=>"Liu", "scopus_author_id"=>"15124521600"}, {"first_name"=>"Menghong", "last_name"=>"Dai", "scopus_author_id"=>"23990364500"}, {"first_name"=>"Yulian", "last_name"=>"Wang", "scopus_author_id"=>"35747211500"}, {"first_name"=>"Zonghui", "last_name"=>"Yuan", "scopus_author_id"=>"8935299700"}], "year"=>2015, "source"=>"PLoS ONE", "identifiers"=>{"issn"=>"19326203", "scopus"=>"2-s2.0-84942848328", "pui"=>"606195406", "doi"=>"10.1371/journal.pone.0136450", "sgr"=>"84942848328"}, "id"=>"6e55f409-108f-3cc5-9b25-ff50a2d6e9ff", "abstract"=>"Quinoxaline 1,4-di-N-oxides (QdNOs) are widely known as potent antibacterial agents, but their antibacterial mechanisms are incompletely understood. In this study, the transcrip-tomic and proteomic profiles of Escherichia coli exposed to QdNOs were integratively inves-tigated, and the results demonstrated that QdNOs mainly induced an SOS response and oxidative stress. Moreover, genes and proteins involved in the bacterial metabolism, cellular structure maintenance, resistance and virulence were also found to be changed, conferring bacterial survival strategies. Biochemical assays showed that reactive oxygen species were induced in the QdNO-treated bacteria and that free radical scavengers attenuated the antibacterial action of QdNOs and DNA damage, suggesting an oxidative-DNA-damage action of QdNOs. The QdNO radical intermediates, likely carbon-centered and aryl-type radicals, as identified by electron paramagnetic resonance, were the major radicals induced by QdNOs, and xanthine oxidase was one of the QdNO-activating enzymes. This study pro-vides new insights into the action of QdNOs in a systematic manner and increases the cur-rent knowledge of bacterial physiology under antibiotic stresses, which may be of great value in the development of new antibiotic-potentiating strategies.", "link"=>"http://www.mendeley.com/research/systematic-molecular-basis-antibacterial-action-quinoxaline-14dinoxides-against-escherichia-coli", "reader_count"=>5, "reader_count_by_academic_status"=>{"Student > Doctoral Student"=>1, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>3, "Student > Bachelor"=>1}, "reader_count_by_user_role"=>{"Student > Doctoral Student"=>1, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>3, "Student > Bachelor"=>1}, "reader_count_by_subject_area"=>{"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>2, "Chemistry"=>3}, "reader_count_by_subdiscipline"=>{"Chemistry"=>{"Chemistry"=>3}, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>{"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>2}}, "group_count"=>0}

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• http://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2018.00361
• http://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.141
• http://doi.org/10.1080/09540105.2017.1354357
• http://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2018.00870
• http://doi.org/10.1007/s12032-016-0802-4
• http://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21228754
• http://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00599
• http://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24173041
• http://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2016.00064
• http://doi.org/10.1007/s10529-017-2319-0
• http://doi.org/10.2174/1570179416666191210100754
• http://doi.org/10.3390/metabo11020081
• http://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2019.03.025
• http://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-019-2825-8
• http://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2017.00679
• http://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.9b00970
• http://doi.org/10.4155/fmc-2018-0082
• http://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-03970-9
• http://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2018.00436
• http://doi.org/10.1038/srep41854
• http://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa290
• http://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2020.103981
• http://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.01948
• http://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00194
• http://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2016.04.029

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Figshare

• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/2219870"], "description"=>"<p>Chemical structures of QdNOs and their metabolites.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["Proteomic Profiles", "xanthine oxidase", "scavengers attenuated", "survival strategies", "antibiotic stresses", "Reactive oxygen species", "Molecular Basis", "SOS response", "DNA damage", "Escherichia coli", "oxidative stress", "Biochemical assays", "QdNO", "Antibacterial Action", "structure maintenance"], "article_id"=>1516196, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences"], "users"=>["Guyue Cheng", "Bei Li", "Chenxi Wang", "Hongfei Zhang", "Guixia Liang", "Zhifei Weng", "Haihong Hao", "Xu Wang", "Zhenli Liu", "Menghong Dai", "Yulian Wang", "Zonghui Yuan"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0136450.g001", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>4, "page_views"=>12, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Chemical_structures_of_QdNOs_and_their_metabolites_/1516196", "title"=>"Chemical structures of QdNOs and their metabolites.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2015-08-21 02:58:40"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/2219871"], "description"=>"<p>(A-C) Morphology of <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> CVCC2943 exposed to CYA. Bacteria were treated with 1% DMSO as a control for 24 h (A) or with 1 μg/ml CYA for 4 h (B) and 24 h (C) under anaerobic conditions. The bacterial morphology was observed by SEM as described in materials and methods. (D, E) Killing curves of <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> CVCC2943 exposed to QdNOs. The bacteria were exposed to 0.5 (0.5×MIC), 1 (MIC), and 4 μg/ml (MBC) CYA (D), and 2 (0.5×MIC), 4 (MIC), 16 μg/ml (MBC) OLA (E), or with 1% DMSO as a control.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["Proteomic Profiles", "xanthine oxidase", "scavengers attenuated", "survival strategies", "antibiotic stresses", "Reactive oxygen species", "Molecular Basis", "SOS response", "DNA damage", "Escherichia coli", "oxidative stress", "Biochemical assays", "QdNO", "Antibacterial Action", "structure maintenance"], "article_id"=>1516197, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences"], "users"=>["Guyue Cheng", "Bei Li", "Chenxi Wang", "Hongfei Zhang", "Guixia Liang", "Zhifei Weng", "Haihong Hao", "Xu Wang", "Zhenli Liu", "Menghong Dai", "Yulian Wang", "Zonghui Yuan"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0136450.g002", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>5, "page_views"=>6, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Growth_of_E_coli_CVCC2943_exposed_to_QdNOs_/1516197", "title"=>"Growth of <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> CVCC2943 exposed to QdNOs.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2015-08-21 02:58:40"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/2219872"], "description"=>"<p>(A) Under anaerobic conditions, the bacteria were treated with the MBC of CYA (4 μg/ml), OLA (16 μg/ml), MEQ (2 μg/ml), enrofloxacin (0.03 μg/ml), and gentamycin (2 μg/ml). After incubation for the indicated times, the level of ROS was detected. (B) Under aerobic conditions, <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> CVCC2943 cells were treated with 2×MIC of CYA (32 μg/ml), OLA (32 μg/ml), MEQ (4 μg/ml), enrofloxacin (0.03 μg/ml), and gentamycin (2 μg/ml). After incubation of bacteria with the drugs for the indicated times, the level of O₂^-· radicals was detected. (C) Under anaerobic conditions, the bacteria were pretreated with the indicated free radical scavengers at a concentration of 100 mM, and CYA at the MBC (4 μg/ml) was then added. Samples were collected 3 h after addition of the drug, and the surviving bacteria were counted. (D) Under aerobic conditions, bacteria were pretreated or not pretreated with tiron before the addition of indicated concentration of CYA. At the indicated times, the surviving bacteria were counted. The data are presented as the means ± SDs (error bars), n = 3. ENR, enrofloxacin; GET, gentamycin.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["Proteomic Profiles", "xanthine oxidase", "scavengers attenuated", "survival strategies", "antibiotic stresses", "Reactive oxygen species", "Molecular Basis", "SOS response", "DNA damage", "Escherichia coli", "oxidative stress", "Biochemical assays", "QdNO", "Antibacterial Action", "structure maintenance"], "article_id"=>1516198, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences"], "users"=>["Guyue Cheng", "Bei Li", "Chenxi Wang", "Hongfei Zhang", "Guixia Liang", "Zhifei Weng", "Haihong Hao", "Xu Wang", "Zhenli Liu", "Menghong Dai", "Yulian Wang", "Zonghui Yuan"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0136450.g003", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>5, "page_views"=>24, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Intracellular_free_radical_levels_A_B_and_effects_of_free_radical_scavengers_C_D_on_E_coli_CVCC2943_exposed_to_QdNOs_/1516198", "title"=>"Intracellular free radical levels (A, B) and effects of free radical scavengers (C, D) on <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> CVCC2943 exposed to QdNOs.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2015-08-21 02:58:40"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/2219873"], "description"=>"<p>(A) Under anaerobic conditions, the bacteria were incubated with 20 μM rotenone or 40 μM dimercaprol for 0.5 h and then treated with 2×MIC of enrofloxacin (ENR, 0.03 μg/ml), CYA (2 μg/ml) and MEQ (4 μg/ml) for 45 min. The level of ROS was detected as described in materials and methods. (B) Under aerobic condition, the bacteria were incubated with 20 μM rotenone or 40 μM dimercaprol for 0.5 h and then treated with the MIC of enrofloxacin (0.015 μg/ml), CYA (16 μg/ml), and MEQ (2 μg/ml) for 45 min. The level of O₂^-· radicals was detected as described in materials and methods. All of the experiments were performed at 37°C. The data are presented as the means ± SDs (error bars), n = 3. (C) Under anaerobic conditions, the bacteria were incubated with the indicated inhibitor at a concentration of 20 μM for 0.5 h and then treated with the MBC of CYA (4 μg/ml) or MEQ (2 μg/ml) for 3 h. The viable cell counts were calculated by the agar dilution plate count method. (D) Under anaerobic conditions, the bacteria were incubated with each inhibitor at a concentration of 20 μM for 0.5 h and were then treated with 4 μg/ml CYA for 0.5 h. The level of ROS was detected. (E) Under aerobic conditions, the bacteria were incubated with each inhibitor at a concentration of 20 μM for 0.5 h and then treated with 4 μg/ml CYA for 1 h. The level of O₂^-· radicals was detected. The data were presented as the means ± SDs (error bars), n = 3.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["Proteomic Profiles", "xanthine oxidase", "scavengers attenuated", "survival strategies", "antibiotic stresses", "Reactive oxygen species", "Molecular Basis", "SOS response", "DNA damage", "Escherichia coli", "oxidative stress", "Biochemical assays", "QdNO", "Antibacterial Action", "structure maintenance"], "article_id"=>1516199, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences"], "users"=>["Guyue Cheng", "Bei Li", "Chenxi Wang", "Hongfei Zhang", "Guixia Liang", "Zhifei Weng", "Haihong Hao", "Xu Wang", "Zhenli Liu", "Menghong Dai", "Yulian Wang", "Zonghui Yuan"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0136450.g004", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>2, "page_views"=>17, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Effects_of_electron_transfer_chain_inhibitors_A_B_and_enzyme_inhibitors_C_E_on_the_generation_of_ROS_and_O_2_183_and_the_growth_of_E_coli_CVCC2943_exposed_to_QdNOs_/1516199", "title"=>"Effects of electron transfer chain inhibitors (A, B) and enzyme inhibitors (C-E) on the generation of ROS and O₂^-· and the growth of <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> CVCC2943 exposed to QdNOs.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2015-08-21 02:58:40"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/2219874"], "description"=>"<p>(A, B) <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> DH5α cells harboring the pBR322 plasmid were incubated with the indicated concentration of CYA (A) or OLA (B) at 37°C for 2 h. TPZ was used as the positive control drug. (C) Inhibition of the degradation of pUC-19 plasmid in <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> DH5α by free radical scavengers. Bacteria harboring pUC-19 plasmid were incubated with 100 mM mannitol, thiourea, acetone, β-ME, ethanol, methanol and NaN₃ (from lane 2 to lane 8), and after 4 μg/ml CYA was added, the cells were incubated at 37°C for 2 h. The untreated bacteria (lane 1) and the bacteria treated only with CYA but no scavengers (lane 9) were used as the blank and the control, respectively. (D, E) Supercoiled pBR322 DNA (10 μg/ml) was incubated with the indicated concentration of CYA (D) or OLA (E) in the presence of xanthine oxidase/xanthine at 37°C for 0.5 h. The plasmids isolated from the treated bacteria (A-C) or the treated plasmids (D, E) were electrophoretically separated. XO/X, xanthine oxidase/xanthine; LM, linear DNA marker; SM, supercoiled DNA marker. SC, L and OC indicate supercoiled, linear and open circular DNA, respectively.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["Proteomic Profiles", "xanthine oxidase", "scavengers attenuated", "survival strategies", "antibiotic stresses", "Reactive oxygen species", "Molecular Basis", "SOS response", "DNA damage", "Escherichia coli", "oxidative stress", "Biochemical assays", "QdNO", "Antibacterial Action", "structure maintenance"], "article_id"=>1516200, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences"], "users"=>["Guyue Cheng", "Bei Li", "Chenxi Wang", "Hongfei Zhang", "Guixia Liang", "Zhifei Weng", "Haihong Hao", "Xu Wang", "Zhenli Liu", "Menghong Dai", "Yulian Wang", "Zonghui Yuan"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0136450.g005", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>2, "page_views"=>18, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_QdNO_induced_DNA_strand_breakage_/1516200", "title"=>"QdNO-induced DNA strand breakage.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2015-08-21 02:58:40"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/2219875"], "description"=>"<p>XO/X, xanthine oxidase/xanthine; DMPO, 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-<i>N</i>-Oxide; PBN, <i>N</i>-tert-butyl-alpha-phenylnitrone.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["Proteomic Profiles", "xanthine oxidase", "scavengers attenuated", "survival strategies", "antibiotic stresses", "Reactive oxygen species", "Molecular Basis", "SOS response", "DNA damage", "Escherichia coli", "oxidative stress", "Biochemical assays", "QdNO", "Antibacterial Action", "structure maintenance"], "article_id"=>1516201, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences"], "users"=>["Guyue Cheng", "Bei Li", "Chenxi Wang", "Hongfei Zhang", "Guixia Liang", "Zhifei Weng", "Haihong Hao", "Xu Wang", "Zhenli Liu", "Menghong Dai", "Yulian Wang", "Zonghui Yuan"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0136450.g006", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>4, "page_views"=>11, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_EPR_spectra_of_radicals_obtained_after_the_reduction_of_CYA_or_its_N_deoxy_metabolites_by_different_reductives_/1516201", "title"=>"EPR spectra of radicals obtained after the reduction of CYA or its <i>N</i>-deoxy metabolites by different reductives.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2015-08-21 02:58:40"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/2219876", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/2219877", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/2219878", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/2219879", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/2219880", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/2219881", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/2219882", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/2219883", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/2219884", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/2219885"], "description"=>"<div><p>Quinoxaline 1,4-di-<i>N</i>-oxides (QdNOs) are widely known as potent antibacterial agents, but their antibacterial mechanisms are incompletely understood. In this study, the transcriptomic and proteomic profiles of Esch<i>erichia coli</i> exposed to QdNOs were integratively investigated, and the results demonstrated that QdNOs mainly induced an SOS response and oxidative stress. Moreover, genes and proteins involved in the bacterial metabolism, cellular structure maintenance, resistance and virulence were also found to be changed, conferring bacterial survival strategies. Biochemical assays showed that reactive oxygen species were induced in the QdNO-treated bacteria and that free radical scavengers attenuated the antibacterial action of QdNOs and DNA damage, suggesting an oxidative-DNA-damage action of QdNOs. The QdNO radical intermediates, likely carbon-centered and aryl-type radicals, as identified by electron paramagnetic resonance, were the major radicals induced by QdNOs, and xanthine oxidase was one of the QdNO-activating enzymes. This study provides new insights into the action of QdNOs in a systematic manner and increases the current knowledge of bacterial physiology under antibiotic stresses, which may be of great value in the development of new antibiotic-potentiating strategies.</p></div>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["Proteomic Profiles", "xanthine oxidase", "scavengers attenuated", "survival strategies", "antibiotic stresses", "Reactive oxygen species", "Molecular Basis", "SOS response", "DNA damage", "Escherichia coli", "oxidative stress", "Biochemical assays", "QdNO", "Antibacterial Action", "structure maintenance"], "article_id"=>1516202, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences"], "users"=>["Guyue Cheng", "Bei Li", "Chenxi Wang", "Hongfei Zhang", "Guixia Liang", "Zhifei Weng", "Haihong Hao", "Xu Wang", "Zhenli Liu", "Menghong Dai", "Yulian Wang", "Zonghui Yuan"], "doi"=>["https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0136450.s001", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0136450.s002", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0136450.s003", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0136450.s004", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0136450.s005", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0136450.s006", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0136450.s007", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0136450.s008", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0136450.s009", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0136450.s010"], "stats"=>{"downloads"=>12, "page_views"=>15, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/Systematic_and_Molecular_Basis_of_the_Antibacterial_Action_of_Quinoxaline_1_4_Di_N_Oxides_against_Escherichia_coli_/1516202", "title"=>"Systematic and Molecular Basis of the Antibacterial Action of Quinoxaline 1,4-Di-<i>N</i>-Oxides against <i>Escherichia coli</i>", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>4, "published_date"=>"2015-08-21 02:58:40"}

PMC Usage Stats | Further Information

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• {"unique-ip"=>"12", "full-text"=>"12", "pdf"=>"3", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"10", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2019", "month"=>"9"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"5", "full-text"=>"5", "pdf"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2019", "month"=>"10"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"7", "full-text"=>"7", "pdf"=>"1", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2019", "month"=>"12"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"5", "full-text"=>"4", "pdf"=>"1", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2020", "month"=>"2"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"5", "full-text"=>"8", "pdf"=>"2", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2020", "month"=>"3"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"13", "full-text"=>"14", "pdf"=>"3", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"14", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2020", "month"=>"4"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"5", "full-text"=>"4", "pdf"=>"2", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2020", "month"=>"5"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"5", "full-text"=>"6", "pdf"=>"1", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"3", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2020", "month"=>"6"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"2", "full-text"=>"2", "pdf"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2020", "month"=>"7"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"6", "full-text"=>"5", "pdf"=>"1", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"10", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2020", "month"=>"8"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"3", "full-text"=>"3", "pdf"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2020", "month"=>"9"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"8", "full-text"=>"27", "pdf"=>"3", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2020", "month"=>"10"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"11", "full-text"=>"11", "pdf"=>"1", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2020", "month"=>"11"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"4", "full-text"=>"2", "pdf"=>"3", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2020", "month"=>"12"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"5", "full-text"=>"5", "pdf"=>"1", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2021", "month"=>"1"}

Relative Metric

{"start_date"=>"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z", "end_date"=>"2015-12-31T00:00:00Z", "subject_areas"=>[]}

F1000Prime