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{"title"=>"Does the mother or father determine the offspring sex ratio? Investigating the relationship between maternal digit ratio and offspring sex ratio", "type"=>"journal", "authors"=>[{"first_name"=>"Tae Beom", "last_name"=>"Kim", "scopus_author_id"=>"8724021700"}, {"first_name"=>"Jin Kyu", "last_name"=>"Oh", "scopus_author_id"=>"14323532100"}, {"first_name"=>"Kwang Taek", "last_name"=>"Kim", "scopus_author_id"=>"55765297500"}, {"first_name"=>"Sang Jin", "last_name"=>"Yoon", "scopus_author_id"=>"7404035696"}, {"first_name"=>"Soo Woong", "last_name"=>"Kim", "scopus_author_id"=>"57061159000"}], "year"=>2015, "source"=>"PLoS ONE", "identifiers"=>{"issn"=>"19326203", "sgr"=>"84956645047", "doi"=>"10.1371/journal.pone.0143054", "scopus"=>"2-s2.0-84956645047", "pmid"=>"26575995", "pui"=>"608007739"}, "id"=>"2da945b8-d631-3dba-8e0c-a8d5d9d7240b", "abstract"=>"OBJECTIVE: In mammals, high parental testosterone levels present around the time of conception are thought to skew offspring sex ratio toward sons. The second to fourth digit ratio (digit ratio) is now widely accepted as a negative correlate of prenatal testosterone. Thus, we investigated the association between digit ratio and offspring sex ratio.\\n\\nMETHODS: A total of 508 Korean patients (257 males and 251 females) less than 60 years old who had one or more offspring were prospectively enrolled. The lengths of the 2nd and 4th digits of the right hand were measured by a single investigator using a digital vernier calliper. Next, the patients' lifetime offspring birth sex ratios were investigated.\\n\\nRESULTS: Maternal (rather than paternal) digit ratio was significantly associated with the number of sons (r = -0.153, p = 0.015), number of daughters (r = 0.130, p = 0.039), and offspring sex ratio (r = -0.171, p = 0.007). And, the maternal digit ratio was a significant factor for predicting offspring sex ratio (B = -1.620, p = 0.008) on multiple linear regression analysis. The female patients with a lower digit ratio (< 0.95) were found to have a higher offspring sex ratio (0.609 versus 0.521, p = 0.046) compared to those with a higher digit ratio (≥ 0.95). Furthermore, females in the low digit ratio group have a probability 1.138 greater of having sons than females in the high digit ratio group.\\n\\nCONCLUSIONS: Maternal digit ratio was negatively associated with offspring sex ratio. Females with a lower digit ratio were more likely to have more male offspring compared to those with a higher digit ratio. Thus, our results suggest that the sex of offspring might be more influenced by maternal rather than paternal factors.", "link"=>"http://www.mendeley.com/research/mother-father-determine-offspring-sex-ratio-investigating-relationship-between-maternal-digit-ratio", "reader_count"=>11, "reader_count_by_academic_status"=>{"Unspecified"=>1, "Researcher"=>4, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>1, "Student > Postgraduate"=>2, "Other"=>2, "Student > Master"=>1}, "reader_count_by_user_role"=>{"Unspecified"=>1, "Researcher"=>4, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>1, "Student > Postgraduate"=>2, "Other"=>2, "Student > Master"=>1}, "reader_count_by_subject_area"=>{"Unspecified"=>1, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>1, "Medicine and Dentistry"=>1, "Neuroscience"=>2, "Sports and Recreations"=>1, "Psychology"=>3, "Social Sciences"=>1, "Computer Science"=>1}, "reader_count_by_subdiscipline"=>{"Medicine and Dentistry"=>{"Medicine and Dentistry"=>1}, "Neuroscience"=>{"Neuroscience"=>2}, "Social Sciences"=>{"Social Sciences"=>1}, "Sports and Recreations"=>{"Sports and Recreations"=>1}, "Psychology"=>{"Psychology"=>3}, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>{"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>1}, "Computer Science"=>{"Computer Science"=>1}, "Unspecified"=>{"Unspecified"=>1}}, "reader_count_by_country"=>{"Luxembourg"=>1, "Croatia"=>1}, "group_count"=>0}

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• http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejtd.2017.03.006
• http://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.23260
• http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijvsm.2018.01.006
• http://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.13288
• http://doi.org/10.1111/iere.12299

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• {"id"=>"667739181746167808", "text"=>"#PLOSONE: Does the Mother or Father Determine the Offspring Sex Ratio? Investigating the Relationship between ... https://t.co/vxJNtZHref", "created_at"=>"2015-11-20T16:20:01Z", "user"=>"BehSnaps", "user_name"=>"BehaviouralSnapshots", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/616996419044556800/6wf_r22c_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"667739430585782273", "text"=>"RT @BehSnaps: #PLOSONE: Does the Mother or Father Determine the Offspring Sex Ratio? Investigating the Relationship between ... https://t.c…", "created_at"=>"2015-11-20T16:21:00Z", "user"=>"MArbones_Areste", "user_name"=>"Marc Arbonés-Aresté", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/618803561095426048/gSK4svnm_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"668514569569071104", "text"=>"who controls offspring sex ratio? https://t.co/g0zRGcaOJj", "created_at"=>"2015-11-22T19:41:08Z", "user"=>"sclopit", "user_name"=>"stefano bertolo", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/505572473773891584/OZNwnASg_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"813581798932291584", "text"=>"??? ??? ?? ??? ???? https://t.co/A35Nzu3DzW", "created_at"=>"2016-12-27T03:06:31Z", "user"=>"9bP", "user_name"=>"9i beom PARK", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1141513220/051014-0005_8339__normal.jpg"}

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Figshare

• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/2444445"], "description"=>"<p>Number of sons was significantly and negatively associated with maternal digit ratio. y = -2.935x + 3.873, r = -0.153, p = 0.015. y: number of sons, x: maternal digit ratio.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["digit ratio group.ConclusionsMaternal digit ratio", "digit ratio group", "offspring sex ratio.MethodsA", "Maternal Digit Ratio", "Offspring Sex Ratio", "Offspring Sex Ratio ObjectiveIn mammals", "digit ratio"], "article_id"=>1605999, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences"], "users"=>["Tae Beom Kim", "Jin Kyu Oh", "Kwang Taek Kim", "Sang Jin Yoon", "Soo Woong Kim"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0143054.g001", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>0, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_The_relationship_between_maternal_digit_ratio_and_number_of_sons_/1605999", "title"=>"The relationship between maternal digit ratio and number of sons.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2015-11-17 15:41:10"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/2444446"], "description"=>"<p>Number of daughters was significantly and positively associated with maternal digit ratio. y = 2.846x–1.793, r = 0.130, p = 0.039. y: number of daughters, x: maternal digit ratio.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["digit ratio group.ConclusionsMaternal digit ratio", "digit ratio group", "offspring sex ratio.MethodsA", "Maternal Digit Ratio", "Offspring Sex Ratio", "Offspring Sex Ratio ObjectiveIn mammals", "digit ratio"], "article_id"=>1606000, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences"], "users"=>["Tae Beom Kim", "Jin Kyu Oh", "Kwang Taek Kim", "Sang Jin Yoon", "Soo Woong Kim"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0143054.g002", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>0, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_The_relationship_between_maternal_digit_ratio_and_number_of_daughters_/1606000", "title"=>"The relationship between maternal digit ratio and number of daughters.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2015-11-17 15:41:10"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/2444447"], "description"=>"<p>Offspring sex ratio was significantly and negatively associated with maternal digit ratio. y = -1.632x + 2.117, r = -0.171, p = 0.007. y: offspring sex ratio, x: maternal digit ratio.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["digit ratio group.ConclusionsMaternal digit ratio", "digit ratio group", "offspring sex ratio.MethodsA", "Maternal Digit Ratio", "Offspring Sex Ratio", "Offspring Sex Ratio ObjectiveIn mammals", "digit ratio"], "article_id"=>1606001, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences"], "users"=>["Tae Beom Kim", "Jin Kyu Oh", "Kwang Taek Kim", "Sang Jin Yoon", "Soo Woong Kim"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0143054.g003", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>0, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_The_relationship_between_maternal_digit_ratio_and_offspring_sex_ratio_/1606001", "title"=>"The relationship between maternal digit ratio and offspring sex ratio.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2015-11-17 15:41:10"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/2444448"], "description"=>"<p>BMI, body mass index; Digit ratio, 2nd digit length / 4th digit length.</p><p>*p-value between males vs females.</p><p>Characteristics of the study population.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["digit ratio group.ConclusionsMaternal digit ratio", "digit ratio group", "offspring sex ratio.MethodsA", "Maternal Digit Ratio", "Offspring Sex Ratio", "Offspring Sex Ratio ObjectiveIn mammals", "digit ratio"], "article_id"=>1606002, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences"], "users"=>["Tae Beom Kim", "Jin Kyu Oh", "Kwang Taek Kim", "Sang Jin Yoon", "Soo Woong Kim"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0143054.t001", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>0, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Characteristics_of_the_study_population_/1606002", "title"=>"Characteristics of the study population.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>3, "published_date"=>"2015-11-17 15:41:10"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/2444449"], "description"=>"<p>Ht, height; Wt, weight; BMI, body mass index; DR, digit ratio (2nd digit length / 4th digit length); T, number of total offspring; S, number of sons; D, number of daughters; SR, offspring sex ratio.</p><p>Relationships between the study variables according to Pearson’s linear correlation analysis.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["digit ratio group.ConclusionsMaternal digit ratio", "digit ratio group", "offspring sex ratio.MethodsA", "Maternal Digit Ratio", "Offspring Sex Ratio", "Offspring Sex Ratio ObjectiveIn mammals", "digit ratio"], "article_id"=>1606003, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences"], "users"=>["Tae Beom Kim", "Jin Kyu Oh", "Kwang Taek Kim", "Sang Jin Yoon", "Soo Woong Kim"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0143054.t002", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>0, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Relationships_between_the_study_variables_according_to_Pearson_8217_s_linear_correlation_analysis_/1606003", "title"=>"Relationships between the study variables according to Pearson’s linear correlation analysis.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>3, "published_date"=>"2015-11-17 15:41:10"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/2444450"], "description"=>"<p>Multiple linear regression analyses were performed. Digit ratio, 2nd digit length / 4th digit length.</p><p>Relationship between offspring sex ratio and study variables according to multiple linear regression analysis.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["digit ratio group.ConclusionsMaternal digit ratio", "digit ratio group", "offspring sex ratio.MethodsA", "Maternal Digit Ratio", "Offspring Sex Ratio", "Offspring Sex Ratio ObjectiveIn mammals", "digit ratio"], "article_id"=>1606004, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences"], "users"=>["Tae Beom Kim", "Jin Kyu Oh", "Kwang Taek Kim", "Sang Jin Yoon", "Soo Woong Kim"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0143054.t003", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>0, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Relationship_between_offspring_sex_ratio_and_study_variables_according_to_multiple_linear_regression_analysis_/1606004", "title"=>"Relationship between offspring sex ratio and study variables according to multiple linear regression analysis.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>3, "published_date"=>"2015-11-17 15:41:10"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/2444451"], "description"=>"<p>Student’s t-test was used to compare variables between the two study groups arranged according to digit ratio. BMI, body mass index; DR, digit ratio (2nd digit length / 4th digit length).</p><p>Comparisons of variables between the two study groups arranged according to digit ratio.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["digit ratio group.ConclusionsMaternal digit ratio", "digit ratio group", "offspring sex ratio.MethodsA", "Maternal Digit Ratio", "Offspring Sex Ratio", "Offspring Sex Ratio ObjectiveIn mammals", "digit ratio"], "article_id"=>1606005, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences"], "users"=>["Tae Beom Kim", "Jin Kyu Oh", "Kwang Taek Kim", "Sang Jin Yoon", "Soo Woong Kim"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0143054.t004", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>0, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Comparisons_of_variables_between_the_two_study_groups_arranged_according_to_digit_ratio_/1606005", "title"=>"Comparisons of variables between the two study groups arranged according to digit ratio.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>3, "published_date"=>"2015-11-17 15:41:10"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/2444452"], "description"=>"<p>Relative risk (RR) analysis was used to compare variables of the two study groups arranged according to digit ratio. DR, digit ratio (2nd digit length / 4th digit length).</p><p>Comparison of the probability of having one or more sons between the two study groups arranged according to digit ratio.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["digit ratio group.ConclusionsMaternal digit ratio", "digit ratio group", "offspring sex ratio.MethodsA", "Maternal Digit Ratio", "Offspring Sex Ratio", "Offspring Sex Ratio ObjectiveIn mammals", "digit ratio"], "article_id"=>1606006, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences"], "users"=>["Tae Beom Kim", "Jin Kyu Oh", "Kwang Taek Kim", "Sang Jin Yoon", "Soo Woong Kim"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0143054.t005", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>0, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Comparison_of_the_probability_of_having_one_or_more_sons_between_the_two_study_groups_arranged_according_to_digit_ratio_/1606006", "title"=>"Comparison of the probability of having one or more sons between the two study groups arranged according to digit ratio.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>3, "published_date"=>"2015-11-17 15:41:10"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/2444453"], "description"=>"<p>p-value < 0.05 on one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post hoc Bonferroni test.</p><p>*: between the patients with number of total offspring = 1 and the patients with number of total offspring = 2.</p><p>†: between the patients with number of total offspring = 1 and the patients with number of total offspring ≥ 3.</p><p>Comparison of offspring sex ratio according to the number of total offspring.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["digit ratio group.ConclusionsMaternal digit ratio", "digit ratio group", "offspring sex ratio.MethodsA", "Maternal Digit Ratio", "Offspring Sex Ratio", "Offspring Sex Ratio ObjectiveIn mammals", "digit ratio"], "article_id"=>1606007, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences"], "users"=>["Tae Beom Kim", "Jin Kyu Oh", "Kwang Taek Kim", "Sang Jin Yoon", "Soo Woong Kim"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0143054.t006", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>21, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Comparison_of_offspring_sex_ratio_according_to_the_number_of_total_offspring_/1606007", "title"=>"Comparison of offspring sex ratio according to the number of total offspring.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>3, "published_date"=>"2015-11-17 15:41:10"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/2444454"], "description"=>"<p>Digit ratio, 2nd digit length / 4th digit length.</p><p>Pearson’s linear correlation analysis of the patients with two or more children.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["digit ratio group.ConclusionsMaternal digit ratio", "digit ratio group", "offspring sex ratio.MethodsA", "Maternal Digit Ratio", "Offspring Sex Ratio", "Offspring Sex Ratio ObjectiveIn mammals", "digit ratio"], "article_id"=>1606008, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences"], "users"=>["Tae Beom Kim", "Jin Kyu Oh", "Kwang Taek Kim", "Sang Jin Yoon", "Soo Woong Kim"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0143054.t007", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>4, "page_views"=>3, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Pearson_8217_s_linear_correlation_analysis_of_the_patients_with_two_or_more_children_/1606008", "title"=>"Pearson’s linear correlation analysis of the patients with two or more children.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>3, "published_date"=>"2015-11-17 15:41:10"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/2444455"], "description"=>"<p>Digit ratio, 2nd digit length / 4th digit length.</p><p>Multiple linear regression analysis of the patients with two or more children.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["digit ratio group.ConclusionsMaternal digit ratio", "digit ratio group", "offspring sex ratio.MethodsA", "Maternal Digit Ratio", "Offspring Sex Ratio", "Offspring Sex Ratio ObjectiveIn mammals", "digit ratio"], "article_id"=>1606009, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences"], "users"=>["Tae Beom Kim", "Jin Kyu Oh", "Kwang Taek Kim", "Sang Jin Yoon", "Soo Woong Kim"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0143054.t008", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>0, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Multiple_linear_regression_analysis_of_the_patients_with_two_or_more_children_/1606009", "title"=>"Multiple linear regression analysis of the patients with two or more children.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>3, "published_date"=>"2015-11-17 15:41:10"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/2444456"], "description"=>"<div><p>Objective</p><p>In mammals, high parental testosterone levels present around the time of conception are thought to skew offspring sex ratio toward sons. The second to fourth digit ratio (digit ratio) is now widely accepted as a negative correlate of prenatal testosterone. Thus, we investigated the association between digit ratio and offspring sex ratio.</p><p>Methods</p><p>A total of 508 Korean patients (257 males and 251 females) less than 60 years old who had one or more offspring were prospectively enrolled. The lengths of the 2nd and 4th digits of the right hand were measured by a single investigator using a digital vernier calliper. Next, the patients’ lifetime offspring birth sex ratios were investigated.</p><p>Results</p><p>Maternal (rather than paternal) digit ratio was significantly associated with the number of sons (r = -0.153, p = 0.015), number of daughters (r = 0.130, p = 0.039), and offspring sex ratio (r = -0.171, p = 0.007). And, the maternal digit ratio was a significant factor for predicting offspring sex ratio (B = -1.620, p = 0.008) on multiple linear regression analysis. The female patients with a lower digit ratio (< 0.95) were found to have a higher offspring sex ratio (0.609 versus 0.521, p = 0.046) compared to those with a higher digit ratio (≥ 0.95). Furthermore, females in the low digit ratio group have a probability 1.138 greater of having sons than females in the high digit ratio group.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>Maternal digit ratio was negatively associated with offspring sex ratio. Females with a lower digit ratio were more likely to have more male offspring compared to those with a higher digit ratio. Thus, our results suggest that the sex of offspring might be more influenced by maternal rather than paternal factors.</p></div>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["digit ratio group.ConclusionsMaternal digit ratio", "digit ratio group", "offspring sex ratio.MethodsA", "Maternal Digit Ratio", "Offspring Sex Ratio", "Offspring Sex Ratio ObjectiveIn mammals", "digit ratio"], "article_id"=>1606010, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences"], "users"=>["Tae Beom Kim", "Jin Kyu Oh", "Kwang Taek Kim", "Sang Jin Yoon", "Soo Woong Kim"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0143054", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>0, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Does_the_Mother_or_Father_Determine_the_Offspring_Sex_Ratio_Investigating_the_Relationship_between_Maternal_Digit_Ratio_and_Offspring_Sex_Ratio_/1606010", "title"=>"Does the Mother or Father Determine the Offspring Sex Ratio? Investigating the Relationship between Maternal Digit Ratio and Offspring Sex Ratio", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>3, "published_date"=>"2015-11-17 15:41:10"}

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Relative Metric

{"start_date"=>"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z", "end_date"=>"2015-12-31T00:00:00Z", "subject_areas"=>[]}

F1000Prime