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{"title"=>"Mitochondrial haplotype diversity in Zambian lions: Bridging a gap in the biogeography of an iconic species", "type"=>"journal", "authors"=>[{"first_name"=>"Caitlin J.", "last_name"=>"Curry", "scopus_author_id"=>"56998359800"}, {"first_name"=>"Paula A.", "last_name"=>"White", "scopus_author_id"=>"35610074600"}, {"first_name"=>"James N.", "last_name"=>"Derr", "scopus_author_id"=>"7005899291"}], "year"=>2015, "source"=>"PLoS ONE", "identifiers"=>{"pmid"=>"26674533", "sgr"=>"84956928084", "doi"=>"10.1371/journal.pone.0143827", "scopus"=>"2-s2.0-84956928084", "pui"=>"608056244", "issn"=>"19326203"}, "id"=>"ec1a4ef6-b872-3f2f-97f1-4de9f5a8ec7f", "abstract"=>"Analysis of DNA sequence diversity at the 12S to 16S mitochondrial genes of 165 African lions (Panthera leo) from five main areas in Zambia has uncovered haplotypes which link Southern Africa with East Africa. Phylogenetic analysis suggests Zambia may serve as a bridge connecting the lion populations in southern Africa to eastern Africa, supporting earlier hypotheses that eastern-southern Africa may represent the evolutionary cradle for the species. Overall gene diversity throughout the Zambian lion population was 0.7319 +/- 0.0174 with eight haplotypes found; three haplotypes previously described and the remaining five novel. The addition of these five novel haplotypes, so far only found within Zambia, nearly doubles the number of haplotypes previously reported for any given geographic location of wild lions. However, based on an AMOVA analysis of these haplotypes, there is little to no matrilineal gene flow (FST = 0.47) when the eastern and western regions of Zambia are considered as two regional sub-populations. Crossover haplotypes (H9, H11, and Z1) appear in both populations as rare in one but common in the other. This pattern is a possible result of the lion mating system in which predominately males disperse, as all individuals with crossover haplotypes were male. The determination and characterization of lion sub-populations, such as done in this study for Zambia, represent a higher-resolution of knowledge regarding both the genetic health and connectivity of lion populations, which can serve to inform conservation and management of this iconic species.", "link"=>"http://www.mendeley.com/research/mitochondrial-haplotype-diversity-zambian-lions-bridging-gap-biogeography-iconic-species", "reader_count"=>20, "reader_count_by_academic_status"=>{"Unspecified"=>2, "Professor > Associate Professor"=>1, "Researcher"=>7, "Student > Doctoral Student"=>1, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>6, "Student > Master"=>1, "Student > Bachelor"=>2}, "reader_count_by_user_role"=>{"Unspecified"=>2, "Professor > Associate Professor"=>1, "Researcher"=>7, "Student > Doctoral Student"=>1, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>6, "Student > Master"=>1, "Student > Bachelor"=>2}, "reader_count_by_subject_area"=>{"Unspecified"=>2, "Environmental Science"=>2, "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>1, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>12, "Veterinary Science and Veterinary Medicine"=>1, "Social Sciences"=>1, "Economics, Econometrics and Finance"=>1}, "reader_count_by_subdiscipline"=>{"Social Sciences"=>{"Social Sciences"=>1}, "Economics, Econometrics and Finance"=>{"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"=>1}, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>{"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>12}, "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>{"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>1}, "Unspecified"=>{"Unspecified"=>2}, "Environmental Science"=>{"Environmental Science"=>2}, "Veterinary Science and Veterinary Medicine"=>{"Veterinary Science and Veterinary Medicine"=>1}}, "reader_count_by_country"=>{"Netherlands"=>1, "United States"=>1, "South Africa"=>1}, "group_count"=>3}

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• http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0217179
• http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0204320
• http://doi.org/10.3957/056.049.0064

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• {"id"=>"677527459688923138", "text"=>"Our paper in #PLOSONE: Mitochondrial Haplotype Diversity in Zambian #Lions. #ECRPaper #Genetics @tamuvetmed https://t.co/D60WZzVqYS", "created_at"=>"2015-12-17T16:35:08Z", "user"=>"ThatLionLady", "user_name"=>"Caitlin Curry", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/646748032239804416/ejBuMqVQ_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"677616473230065664", "text"=>"RT @ThatLionLady: Our paper in #PLOSONE: Mitochondrial Haplotype Diversity in Zambian #Lions. #ECRPaper #Genetics @tamuvetmed https://t.co/…", "created_at"=>"2015-12-17T22:28:51Z", "user"=>"PLOSONE", "user_name"=>"PLOS ONE", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/2429958559/mzjl6as5u2m09r2erof6_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"677930077355659264", "text"=>"Click here to read a new study on African lion genetics https://t.co/DErwro7og3 https://t.co/XKjayezO6K", "created_at"=>"2015-12-18T19:15:00Z", "user"=>"SCIFoundation", "user_name"=>"SCI Foundation", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/2416244277/76llo2ejh9veku3wr06h_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"680838749140447232", "text"=>"#PLOSONE: Mitochondrial Haplotype Diversity in Zambian Lions: Bridging a Gap in the Biogeography of an Iconic ... https://t.co/vjkPGR42j7", "created_at"=>"2015-12-26T19:53:01Z", "user"=>"DeepFriedDNA", "user_name"=>"Ross Barnett", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/664185626061873153/QuzFaIVN_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"680841520380047360", "text"=>"RT @DeepFriedDNA: #PLOSONE: Mitochondrial Haplotype Diversity in Zambian Lions: Bridging a Gap in the Biogeography of an Iconic ... https:/…", "created_at"=>"2015-12-26T20:04:02Z", "user"=>"Iteration23", "user_name"=>"Gracilitarsus", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/519414589843206144/kQ4kNi1f_normal.png"}
• {"id"=>"680866824406339584", "text"=>"RT @DeepFriedDNA: #PLOSONE: Mitochondrial Haplotype Diversity in Zambian Lions: Bridging a Gap in the Biogeography of an Iconic ... https:/…", "created_at"=>"2015-12-26T21:44:35Z", "user"=>"BG_Grace", "user_name"=>"Ben Grace", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/3291014852/7691a47844676ca5ce2804ae0a32671a_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"687612901197266945", "text"=>"RT @ThatLionLady: Our paper in #PLOSONE: Mitochondrial Haplotype Diversity in Zambian #Lions. #ECRPaper #Genetics @tamuvetmed https://t.co/…", "created_at"=>"2016-01-14T12:31:05Z", "user"=>"INNGEcologist", "user_name"=>"INNGE", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/610885902810906624/Y9lEp6R1_normal.png"}
• {"id"=>"689599545609584640", "text"=>"RT @SCIFoundation: Click here to read a new study on African lion genetics https://t.co/DErwro7og3 https://t.co/XKjayezO6K", "created_at"=>"2016-01-20T00:05:18Z", "user"=>"ThatLionLady", "user_name"=>"Caitlin Curry", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/646748032239804416/ejBuMqVQ_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"841474354672095232", "text"=>"MtDNA shows Zambia may act as a genetic corridor btw lion pops in E and S Africa #2017MMM https://t.co/vAeJ6Viybp https://t.co/IOrGNEBTgw", "created_at"=>"2017-03-14T02:21:34Z", "user"=>"StoneLab_ASU", "user_name"=>"StoneLab_ASU", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/500354874597310464/T-_v9uDL_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"841474466567864321", "text"=>"RT @StoneLab_ASU: MtDNA shows Zambia may act as a genetic corridor btw lion pops in E and S Africa #2017MMM https://t.co/vAeJ6Viybp https:/…", "created_at"=>"2017-03-14T02:22:01Z", "user"=>"AnthroQuacks", "user_name"=>"Angela Mallard", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/721076831198294017/mejJv4J3_normal.jpg"}

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Figshare

• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/2610071"], "description"=>"<p>Eastern region consists of LV, CO and ZA. Western region consists of KF and SI. More detailed location information for each sample is available in <a href=\"http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0143827#pone.0143827.s002\" target=\"_blank\">S1 Table</a>.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["Iconic Species Analysis", "Mitochondrial Haplotype Diversity", "amova", "matrilineal gene flow", "link Southern Africa", "haplotype", "16 S mitochondrial genes", "DNA sequence diversity", "Zambian lion population", "lion populations", "lion mating system"], "article_id"=>1625861, "categories"=>["Uncategorised"], "users"=>["Caitlin J. Curry", "Paula A. White", "James N. Derr"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0143827.g001", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>1, "page_views"=>0, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Map_of_Zambia_showing_the_five_main_areas_sampled_LV_Luangwa_Valley_CO_Corridor_ZA_Lower_Zambezi_KF_Kafue_and_SI_Sioma_Ngwezi_/1625861", "title"=>"Map of Zambia showing the five main areas sampled: LV (Luangwa Valley); CO (Corridor); ZA (Lower Zambezi); KF (Kafue); and SI (Sioma Ngwezi).", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2015-12-18 11:21:31"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/2610072"], "description"=>"<p>(A) Range-wide map of lions sampled. Circles indicate geographic locations for populations determined by Antunes et al. [<a href=\"http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0143827#pone.0143827.ref013\" target=\"_blank\">13</a>]. Zambia is denoted by a square. All locations aside from ZAM (Zambia) were established by Antunes et al. [<a href=\"http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0143827#pone.0143827.ref013\" target=\"_blank\">13</a>]: UGA (Uganda); KEN (Kenya); SER (Serengeti National Park, Tanzania); NGC (Ngorongoro Crater, Tanzania); KRU (Kruger National Park, South Africa); BOT-I (Southern Botswana and Kalahari, South Africa); BOT-II (Northern Botswana); NAM (Namibia); GIR (Gir Forest, India); ANG (Angola); ZBW (Zimbabwe); and MOR (Morocco). (B) Bayesian analysis with posterior probability values on the nodes. H1-H12 are haplotypes that were described by Antunes et al. [<a href=\"http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0143827#pone.0143827.ref013\" target=\"_blank\">13</a>] and Z1-Z5 are novel haplotypes so far only found within Zambia.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["Iconic Species Analysis", "Mitochondrial Haplotype Diversity", "amova", "matrilineal gene flow", "link Southern Africa", "haplotype", "16 S mitochondrial genes", "DNA sequence diversity", "Zambian lion population", "lion populations", "lion mating system"], "article_id"=>1625862, "categories"=>["Uncategorised"], "users"=>["Caitlin J. Curry", "Paula A. White", "James N. Derr"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0143827.g002", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>2, "page_views"=>0, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Geographic_location_of_lion_samples_and_phylogenetic_relationship_of_12S_16S_/1625862", "title"=>"Geographic location of lion samples and phylogenetic relationship of 12S-16S.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2015-12-18 11:21:31"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/2610073"], "description"=>"<p>Nei’s distance (d) and average number of pairwise differences within and between populations.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["Iconic Species Analysis", "Mitochondrial Haplotype Diversity", "amova", "matrilineal gene flow", "link Southern Africa", "haplotype", "16 S mitochondrial genes", "DNA sequence diversity", "Zambian lion population", "lion populations", "lion mating system"], "article_id"=>1625863, "categories"=>["Uncategorised"], "users"=>["Caitlin J. Curry", "Paula A. White", "James N. Derr"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0143827.g003", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>1, "page_views"=>0, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Nei_8217_s_distance_d_and_average_number_of_pairwise_differences_within_and_between_populations_/1625863", "title"=>"Nei’s distance (d) and average number of pairwise differences within and between populations.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2015-12-18 11:21:32"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/2610074"], "description"=>"<p>Orange indicates haplotypes found in the western sub-population and yellow indicates haplotypes found in the eastern sub-population. Circle sizes of haplotypes found in Zambia are proportional to haplotype frequency. Red circles indicate median vectors. Blue circles indicate haplotypes not found in Zambia. H1-H12 are haplotypes which were described by Antunes et al. [<a href=\"http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0143827#pone.0143827.ref013\" target=\"_blank\">13</a>] and Z1-Z5 are novel haplotypes so far only found within Zambia.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["Iconic Species Analysis", "Mitochondrial Haplotype Diversity", "amova", "matrilineal gene flow", "link Southern Africa", "haplotype", "16 S mitochondrial genes", "DNA sequence diversity", "Zambian lion population", "lion populations", "lion mating system"], "article_id"=>1625864, "categories"=>["Uncategorised"], "users"=>["Caitlin J. Curry", "Paula A. White", "James N. Derr"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0143827.g004", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>2, "page_views"=>0, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Median_joining_network_of_12S_16S_haplotypes_/1625864", "title"=>"Median-joining network of 12S-16S haplotypes.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2015-12-18 11:21:31"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/2610075"], "description"=>"<p>Percent variation is given among populations (Va) and within groups (Vb). The significance of differentiation within and among populations was tested by 1,000 permutations.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["Iconic Species Analysis", "Mitochondrial Haplotype Diversity", "amova", "matrilineal gene flow", "link Southern Africa", "haplotype", "16 S mitochondrial genes", "DNA sequence diversity", "Zambian lion population", "lion populations", "lion mating system"], "article_id"=>1625865, "categories"=>["Uncategorised"], "users"=>["Caitlin J. Curry", "Paula A. White", "James N. Derr"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0143827.t002", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>1, "page_views"=>0, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_AMOVA_results_with_F_st_/1625865", "title"=>"AMOVA results with Fst.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>3, "published_date"=>"2015-12-18 11:21:32"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/2610076"], "description"=>"<p>*All nucleotide polymorphisms in 12S-16S are shown for haplotype H1. For all other haplotypes, only nucleotides that differ from H1 are shown.</p><p>Haplotypes found in Zambia are in <b>bold</b>.</p><p>Nucleotide position for each polymorphic site.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["Iconic Species Analysis", "Mitochondrial Haplotype Diversity", "amova", "matrilineal gene flow", "link Southern Africa", "haplotype", "16 S mitochondrial genes", "DNA sequence diversity", "Zambian lion population", "lion populations", "lion mating system"], "article_id"=>1625866, "categories"=>["Uncategorised"], "users"=>["Caitlin J. Curry", "Paula A. White", "James N. Derr"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0143827.t003", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>1, "page_views"=>0, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Nucleotide_position_for_each_polymorphic_site_/1625866", "title"=>"Nucleotide position for each polymorphic site.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>3, "published_date"=>"2015-12-18 11:21:31"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/2610077"], "description"=>"<p>Molecular diversity indices and nucleotide composition.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["Iconic Species Analysis", "Mitochondrial Haplotype Diversity", "amova", "matrilineal gene flow", "link Southern Africa", "haplotype", "16 S mitochondrial genes", "DNA sequence diversity", "Zambian lion population", "lion populations", "lion mating system"], "article_id"=>1625867, "categories"=>["Uncategorised"], "users"=>["Caitlin J. Curry", "Paula A. White", "James N. Derr"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0143827.t004", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>0, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Molecular_diversity_indices_and_nucleotide_composition_/1625867", "title"=>"Molecular diversity indices and nucleotide composition.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>3, "published_date"=>"2015-12-18 11:21:34"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/2610078", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/2610079", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/2610080"], "description"=>"<div><p>Analysis of DNA sequence diversity at the 12S to 16S mitochondrial genes of 165 African lions (<i>Panthera leo</i>) from five main areas in Zambia has uncovered haplotypes which link Southern Africa with East Africa. Phylogenetic analysis suggests Zambia may serve as a bridge connecting the lion populations in southern Africa to eastern Africa, supporting earlier hypotheses that eastern-southern Africa may represent the evolutionary cradle for the species. Overall gene diversity throughout the Zambian lion population was 0.7319 +/- 0.0174 with eight haplotypes found; three haplotypes previously described and the remaining five novel. The addition of these five novel haplotypes, so far only found within Zambia, nearly doubles the number of haplotypes previously reported for any given geographic location of wild lions. However, based on an AMOVA analysis of these haplotypes, there is little to no matrilineal gene flow (Fst = 0.47) when the eastern and western regions of Zambia are considered as two regional sub-populations. Crossover haplotypes (H9, H11, and Z1) appear in both populations as rare in one but common in the other. This pattern is a possible result of the lion mating system in which predominately males disperse, as all individuals with crossover haplotypes were male. The determination and characterization of lion sub-populations, such as done in this study for Zambia, represent a higher-resolution of knowledge regarding both the genetic health and connectivity of lion populations, which can serve to inform conservation and management of this iconic species.</p></div>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["Iconic Species Analysis", "Mitochondrial Haplotype Diversity", "amova", "matrilineal gene flow", "link Southern Africa", "haplotype", "16 S mitochondrial genes", "DNA sequence diversity", "Zambian lion population", "lion populations", "lion mating system"], "article_id"=>1625868, "categories"=>["Uncategorised"], "users"=>["Caitlin J. Curry", "Paula A. White", "James N. Derr"], "doi"=>["https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0143827.s001", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0143827.s002", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0143827.s003"], "stats"=>{"downloads"=>1, "page_views"=>0, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Mitochondrial_Haplotype_Diversity_in_Zambian_Lions_Bridging_a_Gap_in_the_Biogeography_of_an_Iconic_Species_/1625868", "title"=>"Mitochondrial Haplotype Diversity in Zambian Lions: Bridging a Gap in the Biogeography of an Iconic Species", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>4, "published_date"=>"2015-12-18 11:21:31"}

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Relative Metric

{"start_date"=>"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z", "end_date"=>"2015-12-31T00:00:00Z", "subject_areas"=>[]}

F1000Prime