CiteULike

Mendeley | Further Information

{"title"=>"How \"humane\" is your endpoint?-refining the science-driven approach for termination of animal studies of chronic infection", "type"=>"journal", "authors"=>[{"first_name"=>"Nuno H.", "last_name"=>"Franco", "scopus_author_id"=>"54393030500"}, {"first_name"=>"Margarida", "last_name"=>"Correia-Neves", "scopus_author_id"=>"6508241001"}, {"first_name"=>"I. Anna S", "last_name"=>"Olsson", "scopus_author_id"=>"7102087639"}], "year"=>2012, "source"=>"PLoS Pathogens", "identifiers"=>{"pui"=>"364329975", "sgr"=>"84857461972", "issn"=>"15537366", "pmid"=>"22275862", "scopus"=>"2-s2.0-84857461972", "doi"=>"10.1371/journal.ppat.1002399"}, "id"=>"0d59bf9b-81ee-36b8-94c1-eb0ee2f210e4", "abstract"=>"Pathogen-associated molecular patterns decisively influence antiviral immune responses, whereas the contribution of endogenous signals of tissue damage, also known as damage-associated molecular patterns or alarmins, remains ill defined. We show that interleukin-33 (IL-33), an alarmin released from necrotic cells, is necessary for potent CD8(+) T cell (CTL) responses to replicating, prototypic RNA and DNA viruses in mice. IL-33 signaled through its receptor on activated CTLs, enhanced clonal expansion in a CTL-intrinsic fashion, determined plurifunctional effector cell differentiation, and was necessary for virus control. Moreover, recombinant IL-33 augmented vaccine-induced CTL responses. Radio-resistant cells of the splenic T cell zone produced IL-33, and efficient CTL responses required IL-33 from radio-resistant cells but not from hematopoietic cells. Thus, alarmin release by radio-resistant cells orchestrates protective antiviral CTL responses.", "link"=>"http://www.mendeley.com/research/humane-endpointrefining-sciencedriven-approach-termination-animal-studies-chronic-infection", "reader_count"=>15, "reader_count_by_academic_status"=>{"Unspecified"=>1, "Professor > Associate Professor"=>3, "Researcher"=>3, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>2, "Student > Postgraduate"=>1, "Student > Master"=>4, "Professor"=>1}, "reader_count_by_user_role"=>{"Unspecified"=>1, "Professor > Associate Professor"=>3, "Researcher"=>3, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>2, "Student > Postgraduate"=>1, "Student > Master"=>4, "Professor"=>1}, "reader_count_by_subject_area"=>{"Unspecified"=>2, "Environmental Science"=>1, "Medicine and Dentistry"=>4, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>6, "Veterinary Science and Veterinary Medicine"=>1, "Immunology and Microbiology"=>1}, "reader_count_by_subdiscipline"=>{"Medicine and Dentistry"=>{"Medicine and Dentistry"=>4}, "Immunology and Microbiology"=>{"Immunology and Microbiology"=>1}, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>{"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>6}, "Unspecified"=>{"Unspecified"=>2}, "Environmental Science"=>{"Environmental Science"=>1}, "Veterinary Science and Veterinary Medicine"=>{"Veterinary Science and Veterinary Medicine"=>1}}, "reader_count_by_country"=>{"Brazil"=>1, "Mexico"=>1, "Germany"=>1}, "group_count"=>0}

ORCID | Further Information

CrossRef

• http://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-019-2661-x
• http://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-10524
• http://doi.org/10.1177/0023677219883319
• http://doi.org/10.1038/bjc.2013.818
• http://doi.org/10.1177/026119291304100406
• http://doi.org/10.1093/ilar/ilz018
• http://doi.org/10.1177/026119291204000506
• http://doi.org/10.1136/bmjos-2018-000016
• http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0047723
• http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmyco.2014.10.001
• http://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2014.11.018
• http://doi.org/10.1177/0023677213493409
• http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0100264
• http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239147
• http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1006421
• http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2014.09.029
• http://doi.org/10.1177/026119291304100117
• http://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-014-0310-8
• http://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.08.035
• http://doi.org/10.1177/0023677216675009

DataCite

Europe PMC Citations | Further Information

Europe PMC Database Citations

PubMed Central

• 4301083
• 3929895
• 3482232
• 4064985
• 3690449

Scopus | Further Information

{"@_fa"=>"true", "link"=>[{"@_fa"=>"true", "@ref"=>"self", "@href"=>"https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/84857461972"}, {"@_fa"=>"true", "@ref"=>"author-affiliation", "@href"=>"https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/84857461972?field=author,affiliation"}, {"@_fa"=>"true", "@ref"=>"scopus", "@href"=>"https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=84857461972&origin=inward"}, {"@_fa"=>"true", "@ref"=>"scopus-citedby", "@href"=>"https://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=84857461972&origin=inward"}], "prism:url"=>"https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/84857461972", "dc:identifier"=>"SCOPUS_ID:84857461972", "eid"=>"2-s2.0-84857461972", "dc:title"=>"How \"humane\" is your endpoint?-refining the science-driven approach for termination of animal studies of chronic infection", "dc:creator"=>"Franco N.H.", "prism:publicationName"=>"PLoS Pathogens", "prism:issn"=>"15537366", "prism:eIssn"=>"15537374", "prism:volume"=>"8", "prism:issueIdentifier"=>"1", "prism:pageRange"=>nil, "prism:coverDate"=>"2012-01-01", "prism:coverDisplayDate"=>"January 2012", "prism:doi"=>"10.1371/journal.ppat.1002399", "citedby-count"=>"26", "affiliation"=>[{"@_fa"=>"true", "affilname"=>"Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto", "affiliation-city"=>"Porto", "affiliation-country"=>"Portugal"}], "pubmed-id"=>"22275862", "prism:aggregationType"=>"Journal", "subtype"=>"ar", "subtypeDescription"=>"Article", "article-number"=>"e1002399", "source-id"=>"4000151809", "openaccess"=>"1", "openaccessFlag"=>true, "freetoread"=>{"value"=>[{"$"=>"all"}, {"$"=>"publisherfullgold"}, {"$"=>"repository"}, {"$"=>"repositoryvor"}, {"$"=>"repositoryam"}]}, "freetoreadLabel"=>{"value"=>[{"$"=>"All Open Access"}, {"$"=>"Gold"}, {"$"=>"Green"}]}}

Web of Science® | Further Information

Article Coverage

Article Coverage Curated

• {"referral"=>"http://blogs.plos.org/publichealth/", "language"=>"English", "title"=>"Public Health | Preventing Disease, Prolonging Life and Promoting Health", "type"=>"Blog", "publication"=>"Public Health", "published_on"=>"", "link_state"=>"APPROVED"}
• {"referral"=>"http://blogs.plos.org/wp-login.php", "language"=>"", "title"=>"Log In ‹ PLOS Blogs Network — WordPress", "type"=>"Blog", "publication"=>"blogs.plos.org", "published_on"=>"", "link_state"=>"APPROVED"}
• {"referral"=>"https://blogs.plos.org/plospodcasts/wp-content/blogs.dir/45/files/2017/11/PLOScast_blog-hero-image_690x320-300x90.png", "language"=>"Turkish", "title"=>"", "type"=>"Discussion board", "publication"=>"blogs.plos.org", "published_on"=>"", "link_state"=>"APPROVED"}
• {"referral"=>"https://blogs.plos.org/scicomm/?p=2508", "language"=>"English", "title"=>"The Nexus of Data and Community: How Partnership Can Close Achievement Gaps | PLOS SciComm", "type"=>"Blog", "publication"=>"PLOS SciComm", "published_on"=>"", "link_state"=>"APPROVED"}

Facebook

• {"url"=>"http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.plos.org%2Fplospathogens%2Farticle%3Fid%3D10.1371%252Fjournal.ppat.1002399", "share_count"=>0, "like_count"=>0, "comment_count"=>0, "click_count"=>0, "total_count"=>0}

Journal Comments | Further Information

• {"type"=>"COMMENT", "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/annotation/f57a2503-0218-45fd-a6f9-0047b553f6d4", "title"=>"Comment from the Editor", "body"=>"The PLoS Pathogens Opinion section seeks to publish articles that provoke useful, forward-thinking, scientifically based discussions in particular topics of pathogenesis research. While most of the articles we publish typically focus on a particular pathogen or disease site, some—like the one below—impact the entire pathogenesis community. The value of animal models in pathogenesis research is obvious, but their use comes with a legal and ethical responsibility to minimize pain and suffering. How that balance is achieved may differ based on pathogen type, experimental goals, and individual Animal Care and Use Committee oversight, but we believe that there are certain guiding principles that should provide the foundation for these efforts. This article is intended to initiate a discussion among our readership to identify strategies that afford compassionate care for research animals without compromising the work itself. Have new, more refined approaches been developed to improve animal welfare? How does your lab or institution ensure that “care” and “use” are fairly balanced? We invite your opinions and perspectives, and we will use this forum to synthesize some of these comments in a future Opinion article.\n\nGlenn Rall\nOpinions Editor", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2012-01-19T22:04:50Z", "lastModified"=>"2012-01-19T22:04:50Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"142967"}, "highlightedText"=>"", "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>false}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002399", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSPathogens"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSPathogens", "eIssn"=>"1553-7374", "title"=>"PLOS Pathogens"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>0, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2012-01-19T22:04:50Z", "replies"=>[]}
• {"type"=>"COMMENT", "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/annotation/3b2d5fe2-396f-4be9-a79f-b68d6bdc6e52", "title"=>"A critically important issue", "body"=>"This paper raises some critically important issues relating to the difficulties that can arise when balancing requirements to conduct pathogenesis research on the one hand, against the need to minimise animal suffering and improve welfare on the other. The use of animals in research that can cause severe suffering, yet aims to tackle diseases that cause significant suffering in humans and other animals, represents a pressing ethical dilemma and it is very encouraging to see PLoS Pathogens drawing attention to this and calling for more discussion.\r\n\r\nConsideration of these issues is timely given the imminent transposition of EU Directive 2010/63 into domestic legislation by EU member states. EU2010/63 requires retrospective severity assessment of the actual degree of suffering that animals experience during scientific procedures. This shift (in terms of UK legislation) from prospective assessment of the upper limit of suffering into one of four severity levels (mild, moderate, substantial or unclassified) to the retrospective assessment of the actual suffering experienced by the animal will, most likely, result in a renewed focus on humane endpoints. \r\n\r\nRetrospective severity assessment also offers an opportunity to assess sources of suffering and to avoid substantial or severe suffering. Currently a protocol may be classified prospectively as being substantial because there is a risk that animals may experience significant pain, distress or lasting harm. Retrospective review offers the opportunity to clearly define what proportion of animals actually experience severe suffering and may also indicate opportunities, through protocol modifications and the use of humane endpoints, to prevent animals from experiencing this most severe level of suffering.\r\n\r\nWe agree with the authors that there is a need for field-specific guidance on acceptable humane endpoints, based on systematic studies into biomarkers and validated predictors of death or survival. Humane endpoints require an appreciation of welfare indicators specific to the species being used and some form of metric or biomarker related to the pathology being studied. These two factors, in combination, allow a clear decision point to be defined where the animal will be euthanased to prevent further suffering. \r\n\r\nThere is a critical need for humane endpoints to be clearly and widely reported to ensure that as many animals benefit as possible. For example, the threshold weight losses cited in the opinion paper range from 15 to 30 %, with no scientific justification provided, which raises serious questions about harmonisation of endpoints (or at least the reporting of animal use). While further research into appropriate endpoints may well be needed, from ethical and animal welfare aspects it would be preferable to conduct systematic analyses of data that have already been gathered in pathogenesis studies in a particular field, so as to avoid conducting new studies that would cause animal suffering. Alternatively, validation studies could be conducted on the back of research that would have been carried out in its own right, without increasing suffering or creating demands for further animal use.\r\n\r\nWe also agree that a better definition of the term ‘humane endpoint’ is required, and share the authors’ view that euthanasing an animal who is already moribund will probably not prevent much suffering at all. Guidance on humane endpoints should thus include a definition that includes the concepts of reducing suffering to a minimum and implementing endpoints as early as possible. Surrogate biomarkers (e.g. core body temperature, body weight, blood chemistry, cytokine levels) in conjunction with behavioural monitoring should permit an early indication of “the point of no return” for the animal, i.e. a combination of clinical signs following which the animal will not recover. \r\n\r\nThe authors’ call for collaborative research should certainly be supported, with the provisos relating to avoiding animal use mentioned above, and with the presumption that the Three Rs of replacement, reduction and refinement would be fully implemented in the case of ongoing research that would also be used to provide data to support guidance. We hope very much that the editor’s request for discussion and the author’s call for action provoke reflection and new initiatives to reduce animal suffering in pathogenesis research.\r\n\r\nHowever, it is not possible to gauge how much support there is for this approach within the pathogenesis community, as nobody has responded to the editor’s call for opinions! We believe that open discussion can only benefit both animal welfare and science, and hope that further contributions will follow.\r\n\r\nElliot Lilley, Penny Hawkins, Maggy Jennings\r\nResearch Animals Department, RSPCA, UK\r\n", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2012-07-06T15:33:56Z", "lastModified"=>"2012-07-06T15:33:56Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"273391"}, "highlightedText"=>"", "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>false}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002399", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSPathogens"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSPathogens", "eIssn"=>"1553-7374", "title"=>"PLOS Pathogens"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>1, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2012-07-13T18:45:47Z", "replies"=>[{"type"=>"REPLY", "parentID"=>51573, "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/reply/fb67fa7d-3595-4064-a3a0-37ac1ff06838", "title"=>"RE: A critically important issue", "body"=>"Thanks for your contribution. I fully agree that this is a critical issue that would benefit from broad input from the pathogenesis community; I do hope that more readers will respond with their views and suggestions. Of note, I am hoping that this conversation will be continued in future Opinions solicitations, so suggestions for sub-topics would also be appreciated.\n\nGlenn Rall\nOpinions Editor\nPLoS Pathogens", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2012-07-13T18:45:47Z", "lastModified"=>"2012-07-13T18:45:47Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"142967"}, "highlightedText"=>"", "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>false}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002399", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSPathogens"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSPathogens", "eIssn"=>"1553-7374", "title"=>"PLOS Pathogens"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>0, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2012-07-13T18:45:47Z", "replies"=>[]}]}
• {"type"=>"COMMENT", "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/annotation/fba5dc1d-9439-4bd4-b654-2a8ee3ca02e3", "title"=>"Animal welfare in research on infectious diseases: why regulation may not be enough", "body"=>"Following this opinion article on PLoS Pathogens, we published a systematic review of animal welfare and the use of refinement in studies on murine tuberculosis (PLoS ONE 7(10):e47723), in which we present an extensive study across a 12-year period (1997-2009). In this study we showed that, albeit some progress in the implementation of humane endpoints has been made, and a marked rise in reports of guideline compliance and ethical approval is observable, the proportion of severe studies did not change significantly over the reviewed period and studies using spontaneous death as an endpoint remained frequent throughout the period studied. This is not however exclusive to infection studies – the situation is the same in neurosciences as illustrated by a similar study on the use of murine models of Huntington’s disease (Franco et al, 2012 ATLA 40(5):271-83).\n\nWe share the view of previous commentators to this article that the mandatory prospective and retrospective assessment of severity of procedures introduced by Directive 2010/63/EU will be helpful in identifying sources of animal suffering in research, as well as possible ways of preventing or minimizing it. This information can also potentially be applied in the development of more animal welfare-relevant humane endpoints. \n\nThe tightening and harmonization of animal research regulation across Europe brought about by the new directive is held by many as reason for optimism regarding the progress in ethical treatment of animals used in science. However, the results from our studies have shown that merely stating compliance with regulatory requirements is not a guarantee of best practice in animal research. While we welcome more stringent regulation and supervision of animal use, we believe the most efficient factor for the improvement of animal welfare and the implementation of the 3Rs to lie in researchers’ proactivity, not only through their individual choices but also by their influence as members of a broad, interactive community. One such example of proactivity in self-regulation within the scientific community was the workshop on humane endpoints held last November 15th by the Network of Animal Disease Infectiology Research Facilities (NADIR), where we gave a talk highlighting these remarks, which have also been recently published as an opinion paper (Franco and Olsson 2013, ATLA 41, P5–7). We found most participants in the workshop to be very receptive to our standing on the need for ‘more humane’ endpoints, although they also highlighted practical problems in finding robust alternatives to the commonly used euthanasia of already moribund animals, in particular in situations where it is required to establish lethality. \n\nJournal editors and reviewers can also play a central role in self-regulation of animal research. By having a say on what kind of research is published – and how it is presented – editors can directly contribute to promote best practice within their own fields of research. This effort must however go beyond merely requesting authors to provide a statement on regulatory compliance, and move to allowing – and even encouraging – reviewers to be able to reject an article on the grounds of unjustified suffering. Also, by demanding authors to report which specific refinements are carried to avoid or minimize suffering, editors can send a strong message to their peers. We hope that this Featured Discussion in PLOS Pathogens can serve as a first step in this direction. \n\nNuno Henrique Franco, I. Anna S. Olsson \nLaboratory Animal Science group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, University of Porto, Portugal", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2013-05-02T12:17:37Z", "lastModified"=>"2013-05-02T12:17:37Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"288023"}, "highlightedText"=>"", "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>false}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002399", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSPathogens"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSPathogens", "eIssn"=>"1553-7374", "title"=>"PLOS Pathogens"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>0, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2013-05-02T12:17:37Z", "replies"=>[]}

Nature

Reddit

Research Blogging

ScienceSeeker | Further Information

Twitter

• {"id"=>"277176123153080320", "text"=>"Being more humane. MT: #PLOSPathogens: Science-Driven Approach for Termination of Animal Studies of Chronic Infection: http://t.co/4wWiqNiY", "created_at"=>"2012-12-07T22:21:52Z", "user"=>"CampOther", "user_name"=>"Camp Other", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2829928375/b08e1071cf4a39d1984cebe9a22c1590_normal.jpeg"}

Wikipedia

Wordpress.com | Further Information

Counter

• {"month"=>"1", "year"=>"2012", "pdf_views"=>"170", "xml_views"=>"11", "html_views"=>"1146"}
• {"month"=>"2", "year"=>"2012", "pdf_views"=>"85", "xml_views"=>"21", "html_views"=>"557"}
• {"month"=>"3", "year"=>"2012", "pdf_views"=>"27", "xml_views"=>"2", "html_views"=>"233"}
• {"month"=>"4", "year"=>"2012", "pdf_views"=>"18", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"307"}
• {"month"=>"5", "year"=>"2012", "pdf_views"=>"18", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"144"}
• {"month"=>"6", "year"=>"2012", "pdf_views"=>"34", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"82"}
• {"month"=>"7", "year"=>"2012", "pdf_views"=>"27", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"134"}
• {"month"=>"8", "year"=>"2012", "pdf_views"=>"19", "xml_views"=>"7", "html_views"=>"72"}
• {"month"=>"9", "year"=>"2012", "pdf_views"=>"15", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"78"}
• {"month"=>"10", "year"=>"2012", "pdf_views"=>"23", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"82"}
• {"month"=>"11", "year"=>"2012", "pdf_views"=>"22", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"89"}
• {"month"=>"12", "year"=>"2012", "pdf_views"=>"17", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"77"}
• {"month"=>"1", "year"=>"2013", "pdf_views"=>"20", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"87"}
• {"month"=>"2", "year"=>"2013", "pdf_views"=>"9", "xml_views"=>"2", "html_views"=>"267"}
• {"month"=>"3", "year"=>"2013", "pdf_views"=>"17", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"85"}
• {"month"=>"4", "year"=>"2013", "pdf_views"=>"14", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"69"}
• {"month"=>"5", "year"=>"2013", "pdf_views"=>"8", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"74"}
• {"month"=>"6", "year"=>"2013", "pdf_views"=>"12", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"55"}
• {"month"=>"7", "year"=>"2013", "pdf_views"=>"11", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"96"}
• {"month"=>"8", "year"=>"2013", "pdf_views"=>"10", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"98"}
• {"month"=>"9", "year"=>"2013", "pdf_views"=>"13", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"121"}
• {"month"=>"10", "year"=>"2013", "pdf_views"=>"12", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"91"}
• {"month"=>"11", "year"=>"2013", "pdf_views"=>"14", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"70"}
• {"month"=>"12", "year"=>"2013", "pdf_views"=>"9", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"46"}
• {"month"=>"1", "year"=>"2014", "pdf_views"=>"9", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"50"}
• {"month"=>"2", "year"=>"2014", "pdf_views"=>"10", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"56"}
• {"month"=>"3", "year"=>"2014", "pdf_views"=>"12", "xml_views"=>"2", "html_views"=>"48"}
• {"month"=>"4", "year"=>"2014", "pdf_views"=>"7", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"47"}
• {"month"=>"5", "year"=>"2014", "pdf_views"=>"12", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"66"}
• {"month"=>"6", "year"=>"2014", "pdf_views"=>"13", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"73"}
• {"month"=>"7", "year"=>"2014", "pdf_views"=>"12", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"111"}
• {"month"=>"8", "year"=>"2014", "pdf_views"=>"7", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"84"}
• {"month"=>"9", "year"=>"2014", "pdf_views"=>"10", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"119"}
• {"month"=>"10", "year"=>"2014", "pdf_views"=>"11", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"97"}
• {"month"=>"11", "year"=>"2014", "pdf_views"=>"17", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"84"}
• {"month"=>"12", "year"=>"2014", "pdf_views"=>"5", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"34"}
• {"month"=>"1", "year"=>"2015", "pdf_views"=>"3", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"36"}
• {"month"=>"2", "year"=>"2015", "pdf_views"=>"20", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"56"}
• {"month"=>"3", "year"=>"2015", "pdf_views"=>"8", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"51"}
• {"month"=>"4", "year"=>"2015", "pdf_views"=>"5", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"32"}
• {"month"=>"5", "year"=>"2015", "pdf_views"=>"4", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"45"}
• {"month"=>"6", "year"=>"2015", "pdf_views"=>"6", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"48"}
• {"month"=>"7", "year"=>"2015", "pdf_views"=>"7", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"52"}
• {"month"=>"8", "year"=>"2015", "pdf_views"=>"5", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"41"}
• {"month"=>"9", "year"=>"2015", "pdf_views"=>"13", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"60"}
• {"month"=>"10", "year"=>"2015", "pdf_views"=>"6", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"56"}
• {"month"=>"11", "year"=>"2015", "pdf_views"=>"5", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"35"}
• {"month"=>"12", "year"=>"2015", "pdf_views"=>"5", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"35"}
• {"month"=>"1", "year"=>"2016", "pdf_views"=>"8", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"32"}
• {"month"=>"2", "year"=>"2016", "pdf_views"=>"20", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"52"}
• {"month"=>"3", "year"=>"2016", "pdf_views"=>"5", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"55"}
• {"month"=>"4", "year"=>"2016", "pdf_views"=>"14", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"60"}
• {"month"=>"5", "year"=>"2016", "pdf_views"=>"3", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"31"}
• {"month"=>"6", "year"=>"2016", "pdf_views"=>"9", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"53"}
• {"month"=>"7", "year"=>"2016", "pdf_views"=>"8", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"35"}
• {"month"=>"8", "year"=>"2016", "pdf_views"=>"14", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"61"}
• {"month"=>"9", "year"=>"2016", "pdf_views"=>"13", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"55"}
• {"month"=>"10", "year"=>"2016", "pdf_views"=>"9", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"54"}
• {"month"=>"11", "year"=>"2016", "pdf_views"=>"8", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"52"}
• {"month"=>"12", "year"=>"2016", "pdf_views"=>"6", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"35"}
• {"month"=>"1", "year"=>"2017", "pdf_views"=>"6", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"55"}
• {"month"=>"2", "year"=>"2017", "pdf_views"=>"14", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"79"}
• {"month"=>"3", "year"=>"2017", "pdf_views"=>"13", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"85"}
• {"month"=>"4", "year"=>"2017", "pdf_views"=>"16", "xml_views"=>"2", "html_views"=>"118"}
• {"month"=>"5", "year"=>"2017", "pdf_views"=>"6", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"56"}
• {"month"=>"6", "year"=>"2017", "pdf_views"=>"1", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"42"}
• {"month"=>"7", "year"=>"2017", "pdf_views"=>"6", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"142"}
• {"month"=>"8", "year"=>"2017", "pdf_views"=>"8", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"173"}
• {"month"=>"9", "year"=>"2017", "pdf_views"=>"8", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"171"}
• {"month"=>"10", "year"=>"2017", "pdf_views"=>"0", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"152"}
• {"month"=>"11", "year"=>"2017", "pdf_views"=>"0", "xml_views"=>"2", "html_views"=>"33"}
• {"month"=>"12", "year"=>"2017", "pdf_views"=>"9", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"48"}
• {"month"=>"1", "year"=>"2018", "pdf_views"=>"12", "xml_views"=>"2", "html_views"=>"50"}
• {"month"=>"2", "year"=>"2018", "pdf_views"=>"25", "xml_views"=>"12", "html_views"=>"19"}
• {"month"=>"3", "year"=>"2018", "pdf_views"=>"15", "xml_views"=>"8", "html_views"=>"29"}
• {"month"=>"4", "year"=>"2018", "pdf_views"=>"18", "xml_views"=>"4", "html_views"=>"17"}
• {"month"=>"5", "year"=>"2018", "pdf_views"=>"35", "xml_views"=>"22", "html_views"=>"34"}
• {"month"=>"6", "year"=>"2018", "pdf_views"=>"28", "xml_views"=>"15", "html_views"=>"22"}
• {"month"=>"7", "year"=>"2018", "pdf_views"=>"13", "xml_views"=>"3", "html_views"=>"20"}
• {"month"=>"8", "year"=>"2018", "pdf_views"=>"66", "xml_views"=>"58", "html_views"=>"28"}
• {"month"=>"9", "year"=>"2018", "pdf_views"=>"22", "xml_views"=>"14", "html_views"=>"19"}
• {"month"=>"10", "year"=>"2018", "pdf_views"=>"33", "xml_views"=>"4", "html_views"=>"34"}
• {"month"=>"11", "year"=>"2018", "pdf_views"=>"23", "xml_views"=>"7", "html_views"=>"50"}
• {"month"=>"12", "year"=>"2018", "pdf_views"=>"7", "xml_views"=>"3", "html_views"=>"26"}
• {"month"=>"1", "year"=>"2019", "pdf_views"=>"20", "xml_views"=>"2", "html_views"=>"44"}
• {"month"=>"2", "year"=>"2019", "pdf_views"=>"18", "xml_views"=>"3", "html_views"=>"38"}
• {"month"=>"3", "year"=>"2019", "pdf_views"=>"29", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"61"}
• {"month"=>"4", "year"=>"2019", "pdf_views"=>"15", "xml_views"=>"2", "html_views"=>"49"}
• {"month"=>"5", "year"=>"2019", "pdf_views"=>"9", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"26"}
• {"month"=>"6", "year"=>"2019", "pdf_views"=>"11", "xml_views"=>"3", "html_views"=>"34"}
• {"month"=>"7", "year"=>"2019", "pdf_views"=>"17", "xml_views"=>"2", "html_views"=>"32"}
• {"month"=>"8", "year"=>"2019", "pdf_views"=>"8", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"24"}
• {"month"=>"9", "year"=>"2019", "pdf_views"=>"11", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"34"}
• {"month"=>"10", "year"=>"2019", "pdf_views"=>"29", "xml_views"=>"5", "html_views"=>"43"}
• {"month"=>"11", "year"=>"2019", "pdf_views"=>"18", "xml_views"=>"3", "html_views"=>"27"}
• {"month"=>"12", "year"=>"2019", "pdf_views"=>"27", "xml_views"=>"7", "html_views"=>"20"}
• {"month"=>"1", "year"=>"2020", "pdf_views"=>"18", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"34"}
• {"month"=>"2", "year"=>"2020", "pdf_views"=>"35", "xml_views"=>"8", "html_views"=>"28"}
• {"month"=>"3", "year"=>"2020", "pdf_views"=>"23", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"30"}
• {"month"=>"4", "year"=>"2020", "pdf_views"=>"47", "xml_views"=>"6", "html_views"=>"39"}
• {"month"=>"5", "year"=>"2020", "pdf_views"=>"38", "xml_views"=>"5", "html_views"=>"27"}
• {"month"=>"6", "year"=>"2020", "pdf_views"=>"18", "xml_views"=>"2", "html_views"=>"30"}
• {"month"=>"7", "year"=>"2020", "pdf_views"=>"22", "xml_views"=>"8", "html_views"=>"40"}
• {"month"=>"8", "year"=>"2020", "pdf_views"=>"29", "xml_views"=>"8", "html_views"=>"23"}
• {"month"=>"9", "year"=>"2020", "pdf_views"=>"21", "xml_views"=>"4", "html_views"=>"43"}
• {"month"=>"10", "year"=>"2020", "pdf_views"=>"34", "xml_views"=>"7", "html_views"=>"38"}
• {"month"=>"11", "year"=>"2020", "pdf_views"=>"29", "xml_views"=>"16", "html_views"=>"32"}
• {"month"=>"12", "year"=>"2020", "pdf_views"=>"23", "xml_views"=>"4", "html_views"=>"25"}
• {"month"=>"1", "year"=>"2021", "pdf_views"=>"18", "xml_views"=>"4", "html_views"=>"28"}
• {"month"=>"2", "year"=>"2021", "pdf_views"=>"21", "xml_views"=>"5", "html_views"=>"44"}

Figshare

PMC Usage Stats | Further Information

• {"scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "month"=>"1", "cited-by"=>"0", "abstract"=>"0", "full-text"=>"4", "unique-ip"=>"4", "pdf"=>"2", "year"=>"2012", "figure"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0"}
• {"month"=>"2", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "abstract"=>"0", "full-text"=>"10", "year"=>"2012", "pdf"=>"2", "unique-ip"=>"10", "figure"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0"}
• {"scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "month"=>"3", "cited-by"=>"0", "abstract"=>"0", "full-text"=>"12", "unique-ip"=>"11", "pdf"=>"4", "year"=>"2012", "figure"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0"}
• {"month"=>"4", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "abstract"=>"0", "full-text"=>"12", "year"=>"2012", "pdf"=>"6", "unique-ip"=>"12", "figure"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0"}
• {"scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "month"=>"5", "cited-by"=>"0", "abstract"=>"0", "full-text"=>"11", "unique-ip"=>"10", "pdf"=>"4", "year"=>"2012", "figure"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0"}
• {"month"=>"6", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "abstract"=>"0", "full-text"=>"4", "year"=>"2012", "pdf"=>"3", "unique-ip"=>"5", "figure"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"8", "full-text"=>"10", "pdf"=>"3", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2012", "month"=>"7"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"4", "full-text"=>"5", "pdf"=>"1", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2012", "month"=>"8"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"8", "full-text"=>"8", "pdf"=>"3", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2012", "month"=>"9"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"14", "full-text"=>"12", "pdf"=>"5", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2012", "month"=>"10"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"9", "full-text"=>"8", "pdf"=>"4", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2012", "month"=>"12"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"21", "full-text"=>"23", "pdf"=>"2", "abstract"=>"1", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2013", "month"=>"1"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"6", "full-text"=>"6", "pdf"=>"1", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2013", "month"=>"2"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"4", "full-text"=>"4", "pdf"=>"0", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2013", "month"=>"3"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"13", "full-text"=>"14", "pdf"=>"4", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2013", "month"=>"4"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"11", "full-text"=>"12", "pdf"=>"0", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2012", "month"=>"11"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"6", "full-text"=>"7", "pdf"=>"0", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2013", "month"=>"5"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"8", "full-text"=>"7", "pdf"=>"4", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2013", "month"=>"6"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"4", "full-text"=>"6", "pdf"=>"1", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2013", "month"=>"7"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"8", "full-text"=>"9", "pdf"=>"1", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2013", "month"=>"8"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"5", "full-text"=>"4", "pdf"=>"2", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2013", "month"=>"9"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"4", "full-text"=>"5", "pdf"=>"0", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2013", "month"=>"10"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"6", "full-text"=>"6", "pdf"=>"4", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2013", "month"=>"11"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"5", "full-text"=>"5", "pdf"=>"1", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2013", "month"=>"12"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"6", "full-text"=>"4", "pdf"=>"2", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2014", "month"=>"1"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"6", "full-text"=>"6", "pdf"=>"0", "abstract"=>"1", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2014", "month"=>"2"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"12", "full-text"=>"13", "pdf"=>"3", "abstract"=>"1", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2014", "month"=>"3"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"6", "full-text"=>"5", "pdf"=>"2", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2014", "month"=>"5"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"11", "full-text"=>"11", "pdf"=>"2", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2014", "month"=>"6"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"10", "full-text"=>"11", "pdf"=>"3", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2014", "month"=>"4"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"7", "full-text"=>"6", "pdf"=>"3", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2014", "month"=>"7"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"6", "full-text"=>"3", "pdf"=>"3", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2014", "month"=>"8"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"6", "full-text"=>"12", "pdf"=>"4", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"1", "year"=>"2014", "month"=>"9"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"10", "full-text"=>"10", "pdf"=>"3", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2014", "month"=>"10"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"11", "full-text"=>"11", "pdf"=>"5", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2014", "month"=>"11"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"9", "full-text"=>"10", "pdf"=>"1", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2014", "month"=>"12"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"10", "full-text"=>"13", "pdf"=>"6", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2015", "month"=>"1"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"20", "full-text"=>"20", "pdf"=>"5", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2015", "month"=>"2"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"13", "full-text"=>"14", "pdf"=>"1", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2015", "month"=>"3"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"17", "full-text"=>"21", "pdf"=>"11", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2015", "month"=>"4"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"10", "full-text"=>"11", "pdf"=>"3", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"1", "year"=>"2015", "month"=>"5"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"9", "full-text"=>"9", "pdf"=>"2", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2015", "month"=>"6"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"9", "full-text"=>"9", "pdf"=>"2", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2015", "month"=>"7"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"6", "full-text"=>"5", "pdf"=>"2", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2015", "month"=>"8"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"11", "full-text"=>"56", "pdf"=>"2", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2015", "month"=>"9"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"9", "full-text"=>"24", "pdf"=>"1", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2015", "month"=>"10"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"18", "full-text"=>"21", "pdf"=>"4", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"2", "year"=>"2015", "month"=>"11"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"12", "full-text"=>"9", "pdf"=>"4", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2015", "month"=>"12"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"5", "full-text"=>"9", "pdf"=>"1", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2016", "month"=>"1"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"8", "full-text"=>"9", "pdf"=>"3", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2016", "month"=>"2"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"12", "full-text"=>"12", "pdf"=>"3", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2016", "month"=>"3"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"7", "full-text"=>"6", "pdf"=>"1", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2016", "month"=>"4"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"5", "full-text"=>"4", "pdf"=>"3", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2016", "month"=>"5"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"10", "full-text"=>"11", "pdf"=>"2", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2016", "month"=>"6"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"7", "full-text"=>"6", "pdf"=>"4", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2016", "month"=>"7"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"10", "full-text"=>"14", "pdf"=>"3", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2016", "month"=>"8"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"19", "full-text"=>"23", "pdf"=>"3", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2016", "month"=>"9"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"6", "full-text"=>"6", "pdf"=>"1", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2016", "month"=>"10"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"10", "full-text"=>"11", "pdf"=>"2", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2016", "month"=>"11"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"9", "full-text"=>"9", "pdf"=>"2", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2016", "month"=>"12"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"7", "full-text"=>"7", "pdf"=>"4", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2017", "month"=>"1"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"5", "full-text"=>"5", "pdf"=>"1", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2017", "month"=>"2"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"17", "full-text"=>"18", "pdf"=>"1", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2017", "month"=>"3"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"10", "full-text"=>"11", "pdf"=>"1", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2017", "month"=>"4"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"14", "full-text"=>"14", "pdf"=>"2", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2017", "month"=>"5"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"14", "full-text"=>"14", "pdf"=>"1", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2017", "month"=>"6"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"11", "full-text"=>"12", "pdf"=>"2", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2017", "month"=>"7"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"13", "full-text"=>"12", "pdf"=>"2", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2017", "month"=>"8"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"33", "full-text"=>"33", "pdf"=>"7", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2017", "month"=>"9"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"36", "full-text"=>"40", "pdf"=>"4", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"1", "year"=>"2017", "month"=>"10"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"28", "full-text"=>"28", "pdf"=>"7", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2017", "month"=>"11"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"23", "full-text"=>"26", "pdf"=>"2", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2017", "month"=>"12"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"30", "full-text"=>"28", "pdf"=>"0", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"1", "year"=>"2018", "month"=>"1"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"20", "full-text"=>"23", "pdf"=>"3", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2018", "month"=>"3"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"27", "full-text"=>"27", "pdf"=>"3", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2019", "month"=>"1"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"26", "full-text"=>"26", "pdf"=>"5", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2018", "month"=>"5"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"32", "full-text"=>"32", "pdf"=>"12", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2018", "month"=>"4"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"24", "full-text"=>"25", "pdf"=>"6", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2018", "month"=>"6"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"22", "full-text"=>"23", "pdf"=>"4", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2018", "month"=>"7"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"24", "full-text"=>"26", "pdf"=>"4", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2018", "month"=>"8"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"16", "full-text"=>"17", "pdf"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2018", "month"=>"10"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"18", "full-text"=>"19", "pdf"=>"2", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2018", "month"=>"9"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"25", "full-text"=>"27", "pdf"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2018", "month"=>"11"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"15", "full-text"=>"16", "pdf"=>"3", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2018", "month"=>"12"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"22", "full-text"=>"28", "pdf"=>"7", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2019", "month"=>"2"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"28", "full-text"=>"30", "pdf"=>"5", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2019", "month"=>"3"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"43", "full-text"=>"46", "pdf"=>"6", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2019", "month"=>"4"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"29", "full-text"=>"32", "pdf"=>"3", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2019", "month"=>"5"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"37", "full-text"=>"43", "pdf"=>"6", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2019", "month"=>"8"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"38", "full-text"=>"39", "pdf"=>"7", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2019", "month"=>"9"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"39", "full-text"=>"41", "pdf"=>"6", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2019", "month"=>"10"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"17", "full-text"=>"16", "pdf"=>"4", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2019", "month"=>"12"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"35", "full-text"=>"39", "pdf"=>"5", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2020", "month"=>"2"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"31", "full-text"=>"42", "pdf"=>"6", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2020", "month"=>"3"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"24", "full-text"=>"33", "pdf"=>"5", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2020", "month"=>"4"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"20", "full-text"=>"22", "pdf"=>"1", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2020", "month"=>"5"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"22", "full-text"=>"22", "pdf"=>"4", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2020", "month"=>"6"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"22", "full-text"=>"23", "pdf"=>"8", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2020", "month"=>"7"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"11", "full-text"=>"12", "pdf"=>"1", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2020", "month"=>"8"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"13", "full-text"=>"15", "pdf"=>"4", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2020", "month"=>"9"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"15", "full-text"=>"14", "pdf"=>"1", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2020", "month"=>"10"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"17", "full-text"=>"22", "pdf"=>"3", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2020", "month"=>"11"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"18", "full-text"=>"17", "pdf"=>"4", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2020", "month"=>"12"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"11", "full-text"=>"12", "pdf"=>"1", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2021", "month"=>"1"}

Relative Metric

{"start_date"=>"2012-01-01T00:00:00Z", "end_date"=>"2012-12-31T00:00:00Z", "subject_areas"=>[{"subject_area"=>"/Biology and life sciences", "average_usage"=>[322, 550, 671, 773, 864, 955, 1048, 1135, 1223, 1308, 1387, 1465, 1534, 1602, 1673, 1744, 1813, 1885, 1955, 2026, 2093, 2160, 2228, 2290, 2349]}, {"subject_area"=>"/Biology and life sciences/Agriculture", "average_usage"=>[323, 536, 657, 751, 847, 939, 1032, 1114, 1201, 1279, 1355, 1431, 1516, 1582, 1656, 1719, 1791, 1848, 1919, 2000, 2068, 2127, 2208, 2281, 2359]}, {"subject_area"=>"/Biology and life sciences/Anatomy and physiology", "average_usage"=>[307, 540, 660, 756, 847, 936, 1025, 1111, 1199, 1282, 1361, 1432]}, {"subject_area"=>"/Biology and life sciences/Veterinary science", "average_usage"=>[368, 635, 753, 861, 975, 1103, 1205, 1302, 1411, 1512, 1630, 1714, 1767, 1840, 1918, 1992, 2095, 2196, 2254, 2308, 2385, 2438, 2520, 2604, 2682]}, {"subject_area"=>"/Medicine and health sciences", "average_usage"=>[312, 547, 668, 769, 861, 953, 1046, 1135, 1224, 1307, 1388, 1464, 1536, 1606, 1676, 1744, 1812, 1882, 1954, 2020, 2089, 2155, 2218, 2282, 2344]}, {"subject_area"=>"/Medicine and health sciences/Infectious diseases", "average_usage"=>[328, 580, 713, 821, 914, 1012, 1107, 1202, 1293, 1381, 1477, 1551, 1633, 1694, 1769, 1847, 1917, 1986, 2056, 2121, 2194, 2267, 2329, 2410, 2461]}, {"subject_area"=>"/Medicine and health sciences/Tropical diseases", "average_usage"=>[318, 641, 793, 914, 1020, 1113, 1234, 1345, 1446, 1565, 1664, 1752, 1824, 1900, 1980, 2054, 2132, 2215, 2270, 2358, 2434, 2498, 2579, 2629, 2698]}]}

F1000Prime