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{"title"=>"Effect of biodiversity changes in disease risk: Exploring disease emergence in a plant-virus system", "type"=>"journal", "authors"=>[{"first_name"=>"Israel", "last_name"=>"Pagán", "scopus_author_id"=>"23978422800"}, {"first_name"=>"Pablo", "last_name"=>"González-Jara", "scopus_author_id"=>"6507941578"}, {"first_name"=>"Alejandra", "last_name"=>"Moreno-Letelier", "scopus_author_id"=>"25923509500"}, {"first_name"=>"Manuel", "last_name"=>"Rodelo-Urrego", "scopus_author_id"=>"55328534400"}, {"first_name"=>"Aurora", "last_name"=>"Fraile", "scopus_author_id"=>"7005743321"}, {"first_name"=>"Daniel", "last_name"=>"Piñero", "scopus_author_id"=>"55161973000"}, {"first_name"=>"Fernando", "last_name"=>"García-Arenal", "scopus_author_id"=>"56255964300"}], "year"=>2012, "source"=>"PLoS Pathogens", "identifiers"=>{"pui"=>"365384975", "isbn"=>"1553-7374", "issn"=>"15537366", "doi"=>"10.1371/journal.ppat.1002796", "scopus"=>"2-s2.0-84864628826", "pmid"=>"22792068", "sgr"=>"84864628826"}, "id"=>"1c50199d-fbeb-3e65-b488-1371dd9aa3be", "abstract"=>"The effect of biodiversity on the ability of parasites to infect their host and cause disease (i.e. disease risk) is a major question in pathology, which is central to understand the emergence of infectious diseases, and to develop strategies for their management. Two hypotheses, which can be considered as extremes of a continuum, relate biodiversity to disease risk: One states that biodiversity is positively correlated with disease risk (Amplification Effect), and the second predicts a negative correlation between biodiversity and disease risk (Dilution Effect). Which of them applies better to different host-parasite systems is still a source of debate, due to limited experimental or empirical data. This is especially the case for viral diseases of plants. To address this subject, we have monitored for three years the prevalence of several viruses, and virus-associated symptoms, in populations of wild pepper (chiltepin) under different levels of human management. For each population, we also measured the habitat species diversity, host plant genetic diversity and host plant density. Results indicate that disease and infection risk increased with the level of human management, which was associated with decreased species diversity and host genetic diversity, and with increased host plant density. Importantly, species diversity of the habitat was the primary predictor of disease risk for wild chiltepin populations. This changed in managed populations where host genetic diversity was the primary predictor. Host density was generally a poorer predictor of disease and infection risk. These results support the dilution effect hypothesis, and underline the relevance of different ecological factors in determining disease/infection risk in host plant populations under different levels of anthropic influence. These results are relevant for managing plant diseases and for establishing conservation policies for endangered plant species.", "link"=>"http://www.mendeley.com/research/effect-biodiversity-changes-disease-risk-exploring-disease-emergence-plantvirus-system", "reader_count"=>101, "reader_count_by_academic_status"=>{"Unspecified"=>3, "Professor > Associate Professor"=>5, "Researcher"=>25, "Student > Doctoral Student"=>7, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>31, "Student > Postgraduate"=>5, "Student > Master"=>10, "Other"=>1, "Student > Bachelor"=>6, "Lecturer > Senior Lecturer"=>2, "Professor"=>6}, "reader_count_by_user_role"=>{"Unspecified"=>3, "Professor > Associate Professor"=>5, "Researcher"=>25, "Student > Doctoral Student"=>7, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>31, "Student > Postgraduate"=>5, "Student > Master"=>10, "Other"=>1, "Student > Bachelor"=>6, "Lecturer > Senior Lecturer"=>2, "Professor"=>6}, "reader_count_by_subject_area"=>{"Unspecified"=>8, "Engineering"=>1, "Environmental Science"=>9, "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>6, "Mathematics"=>2, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>69, "Medicine and Dentistry"=>1, "Veterinary Science and Veterinary Medicine"=>1, "Chemistry"=>1, "Immunology and Microbiology"=>1, "Earth and Planetary Sciences"=>2}, "reader_count_by_subdiscipline"=>{"Engineering"=>{"Engineering"=>1}, "Medicine and Dentistry"=>{"Medicine and Dentistry"=>1}, "Chemistry"=>{"Chemistry"=>1}, "Immunology and Microbiology"=>{"Immunology and Microbiology"=>1}, "Earth and Planetary Sciences"=>{"Earth and Planetary Sciences"=>2}, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>{"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>69}, "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>{"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>6}, "Mathematics"=>{"Mathematics"=>2}, "Unspecified"=>{"Unspecified"=>8}, "Environmental Science"=>{"Environmental Science"=>9}, "Veterinary Science and Veterinary Medicine"=>{"Veterinary Science and Veterinary Medicine"=>1}}, "reader_count_by_country"=>{"Colombia"=>1, "United States"=>2, "Japan"=>1, "Serbia and Montenegro"=>1, "Brazil"=>1, "Mexico"=>4, "France"=>2}, "group_count"=>8}

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• http://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.1796
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• {"month"=>"7", "year"=>"2020", "pdf_views"=>"28", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"57"}
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Figshare

• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/614008"], "description"=>"<p>Significant regressions of each ecological factor and the prevalence of symptomatic plants (A), and of begomovirus (B) and CMV infection (C), are represented according to the level of human management: Wild (green triangles), let-standing (red squares), and cultivated (blue dots). PCs with the highest association with each ecological factor are shown in parenthesis. <i>SR</i> = Species richness expressed as number of species, <i>H_e</i> = Host genetic diversity expressed as expected heterozygosity, <i>d</i> = Host plant density. Note the different scales in the X-axis depending on the ecological factor. The Y-axis represents marginal mean prevalence values for each population over the monitored period.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["relationships", "factors"], "article_id"=>284486, "categories"=>["Virology", "Ecology", "Microbiology"], "users"=>["Israel Pagán", "Pablo González-Jara", "Alejandra Moreno-Letelier", "Manuel Rodelo-Urrego", "Aurora Fraile", "Daniel Piñero", "Fernando García-Arenal"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002796.g002", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>4, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Bivariate_relationships_between_ecological_factors_and_disease_infection_risk_/284486", "title"=>"Bivariate relationships between ecological factors and disease/infection risk.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2012-07-05 01:14:46"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/614265"], "description"=>"<p>Populations: All (n = 24); Wild (n = 9); Let Standing (n = 6); Cultivated (n = 9).</p><p>Bold indicates significant association based on broken-stick model thresholds.</p>*<p>Significant linear correlation between a PC and prevalence variables (P<0.05).</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["begomovirus", "cmv", "prevalence", "chiltepin", "populations", "levels"], "article_id"=>284739, "categories"=>["Virology", "Ecology", "Microbiology"], "users"=>["Israel Pagán", "Pablo González-Jara", "Alejandra Moreno-Letelier", "Manuel Rodelo-Urrego", "Aurora Fraile", "Daniel Piñero", "Fernando García-Arenal"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002796.t003", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>11, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Principal_component_analysis_of_four_ecological_factors_and_their_association_with_symptom_begomovirus_and_CMV_prevalence_in_chiltepin_populations_with_different_levels_of_human_management_in_Mexico_/284739", "title"=>"Principal component analysis of four ecological factors, and their association with symptom, begomovirus and CMV prevalence in chiltepin populations with different levels of human management in Mexico.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>3, "published_date"=>"2012-07-05 01:18:59"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/320141", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/320215", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/320289"], "description"=>"<div><p>The effect of biodiversity on the ability of parasites to infect their host and cause disease (i.e. disease risk) is a major question in pathology, which is central to understand the emergence of infectious diseases, and to develop strategies for their management. Two hypotheses, which can be considered as extremes of a continuum, relate biodiversity to disease risk: One states that biodiversity is positively correlated with disease risk (Amplification Effect), and the second predicts a negative correlation between biodiversity and disease risk (Dilution Effect). Which of them applies better to different host-parasite systems is still a source of debate, due to limited experimental or empirical data. This is especially the case for viral diseases of plants. To address this subject, we have monitored for three years the prevalence of several viruses, and virus-associated symptoms, in populations of wild pepper (chiltepin) under different levels of human management. For each population, we also measured the habitat species diversity, host plant genetic diversity and host plant density. Results indicate that disease and infection risk increased with the level of human management, which was associated with decreased species diversity and host genetic diversity, and with increased host plant density. Importantly, species diversity of the habitat was the primary predictor of disease risk for wild chiltepin populations. This changed in managed populations where host genetic diversity was the primary predictor. Host density was generally a poorer predictor of disease and infection risk. These results support the dilution effect hypothesis, and underline the relevance of different ecological factors in determining disease/infection risk in host plant populations under different levels of anthropic influence. These results are relevant for managing plant diseases and for establishing conservation policies for endangered plant species.</p> </div>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["biodiversity", "changes", "exploring", "emergence", "plant-virus"], "article_id"=>123197, "categories"=>["Cancer", "Ecology", "Microbiology"], "users"=>["Israel Pagán", "Pablo González-Jara", "Alejandra Moreno-Letelier", "Manuel Rodelo-Urrego", "Aurora Fraile", "Daniel Piñero", "Fernando García-Arenal"], "doi"=>["https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002796.s001", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002796.s002", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002796.s003"], "stats"=>{"downloads"=>9, "page_views"=>9, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/Effect_of_Biodiversity_Changes_in_Disease_Risk_Exploring_Disease_Emergence_in_a_Plant_Virus_System/123197", "title"=>"Effect of Biodiversity Changes in Disease Risk: Exploring Disease Emergence in a Plant-Virus System", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>4, "published_date"=>"2012-07-05 00:53:17"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/614217"], "description"=>"<p>CMV-infected plants were detected by ELISA-DAS. Begomovirus infected plants were detected by PCR with specific primers in a subset of 1081 plants of the 1820 plants sampled (see Material and Methods).</p>1<p>Habitats belonged to three levels of human management.</p>2<p>Populations are designated with the first three letters of the name of the nearest village, plus a code indicating the habitat: W = wild, LSP = Let standing, pasture; LSF = Let standing, living fence; CHG = Cultivated, home garden; CMC = Cultivated, monoculture.</p>3<p>Total number of analysed plants per population.</p>4<p>Percentage of analysed plants detected as begomovirus-infected.</p>5<p>Percentage of analysed plants detected as CMV-infected.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["prevalence", "begomoviruses", "cmv", "mexican", "chiltepin"], "article_id"=>284697, "categories"=>["Virology", "Ecology", "Microbiology"], "users"=>["Israel Pagán", "Pablo González-Jara", "Alejandra Moreno-Letelier", "Manuel Rodelo-Urrego", "Aurora Fraile", "Daniel Piñero", "Fernando García-Arenal"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002796.t002", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>8, "page_views"=>13, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Laboratory_determined_prevalence_of_begomoviruses_and_CMV_infection_in_Mexican_chiltepin_populations_/284697", "title"=>"Laboratory-determined prevalence of begomoviruses and CMV infection in Mexican chiltepin populations.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>3, "published_date"=>"2012-07-05 01:18:17"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/613892"], "description"=>"<p>Map shows the location of populations from wild (W), let standing (LSP, LSF), and cultivated (CMC, CHG) populations within six biogeographical provinces in Mexico. Bar graphics show the average prevalence of symptomatic (grey) and asymptomatic (black) plants, as well as the prevalence of begomovirus (green) and CMV (blue) infection, for each chiltepin population. Boxes group populations from the same biogeographical province, and are colored accordingly.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["chiltepin", "prevalence", "symptomatic", "begomoviruses"], "article_id"=>284357, "categories"=>["Virology", "Ecology", "Microbiology"], "users"=>["Israel Pagán", "Pablo González-Jara", "Alejandra Moreno-Letelier", "Manuel Rodelo-Urrego", "Aurora Fraile", "Daniel Piñero", "Fernando García-Arenal"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002796.g001", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>16, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Geographic_location_of_chiltepin_populations_and_prevalence_of_symptomatic_plants_begomoviruses_and_CMV_/284357", "title"=>"Geographic location of chiltepin populations, and prevalence of symptomatic plants, begomoviruses and CMV.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2012-07-05 01:12:37"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/614320"], "description"=>"1<p>Habitats belonged to three levels of human management.</p>2<p>State is indicated in parenthesis: NAY = Nayarit; OAX = Oaxaca; SIN = Sinaloa, SLP = San Luis Potosí, SON = Sonora, TAM = Tamaulipas, YUC = Yucatan.</p>3<p>Populations are designated with the first three letters of the name of the nearest village, plus a code indicating the habitat: W = wild, LSP = Let standing, pasture; LSF = Let standing, living fence; CHG = Cultivated, home garden; CMC = Cultivated, monoculture.</p>4<p>Region designates the following biogeographical provinces: YUC: Yucatan; CPS: Costa del Pacífico Sur; SMO: Sierra Madre Oriental; AZP: Altiplano Zacatecano-Potosino; CPA: Costa del Pacífico; SON: Sonora.</p>5<p>Total number of plants in the population, except for. BER-w, PEL-w, MOC-w and MAU-w, in which N indicates number of plants sampled (see Material & Methods).</p>6<p>Number of asymptomatic plants.</p>7<p>Number of symptomatic plants.</p>8<p>Percentage of symptomatic plants.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["virus-like", "symptoms", "lamina", "mexican", "chiltepin", "populations", "monitored", "2007"], "article_id"=>284787, "categories"=>["Virology", "Ecology", "Microbiology"], "users"=>["Israel Pagán", "Pablo González-Jara", "Alejandra Moreno-Letelier", "Manuel Rodelo-Urrego", "Aurora Fraile", "Daniel Piñero", "Fernando García-Arenal"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002796.t001", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>2, "page_views"=>15, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Prevalence_of_virus_like_symptoms_i_e_mosaic_leaf_curl_leaf_lamina_reduction_and_or_stunting_in_the_analyzed_Mexican_chiltepin_populations_monitored_in_July_8211_August_of_2007_to_2009_/284787", "title"=>"Prevalence of virus-like symptoms (i.e., mosaic, leaf curl, leaf lamina reduction, and/or stunting) in the analyzed Mexican chiltepin populations monitored in July–August of 2007 to 2009.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>3, "published_date"=>"2012-07-05 01:19:47"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/614171"], "description"=>"1<p>All (n = 24); Wild (n = 9); Let Standing (n = 6); Cultivated (n = 9).</p>2<p>AIC_c, second order Akaike's Information Criterion.</p>3<p>Where <i>i</i> = the model in question and 0 = best ranked model.</p>4<p>AIC_c model weight; the larger the <i>ω</i>, the greater the likelihood of the model given the data, relatively to the competing models <a href=\"http://www.plospathogens.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002796#ppat.1002796-Burnham1\" target=\"_blank\">[39]</a>.</p>*<p>Indicates the single ecological factor that best explains the prevalence variables in each type of habitat.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["symptoms", "structures", "included", "best-ranked", "models", "bolded", "lowest"], "article_id"=>284644, "categories"=>["Virology", "Ecology", "Microbiology"], "users"=>["Israel Pagán", "Pablo González-Jara", "Alejandra Moreno-Letelier", "Manuel Rodelo-Urrego", "Aurora Fraile", "Daniel Piñero", "Fernando García-Arenal"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002796.t004", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>1, "page_views"=>8, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Model_selection_results_For_virus_and_symptoms_prevalence_model_structures_included_species_diversity_Species_richness_SR_genetic_diversity_expected_heterozygosity_H_e_and_host_plant_density_d_Best_ranked_models_are_bolded_and_have_the_lowest_AIC_c_/284644", "title"=>"Model selection results. For virus and symptoms prevalence, model structures included species diversity (Species richness, <i>SR</i>), genetic diversity (expected heterozygosity, <i>H_e</i>), and host plant density (<i>d</i>). Best-ranked models are bolded and have the lowest AIC_c.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>3, "published_date"=>"2012-07-05 01:17:24"}

PMC Usage Stats | Further Information

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Relative Metric

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F1000Prime